Machiavellis View on Human Nature Essay - 1454 Words

Machiavelli’s View on Human Nature The author, Niccolà ³ Machiavelli, is different from other humanists in his time, because his view on the nature of man contradicts what most humanists believed. Humanists of that time believed that individuals played an important role to the well-being of the state, and that â€Å"†¦ they also believed in classicism’s basic tenet that human nature is inherently rational and good† (Western Humanities, pg. 343). Machiavelli, however, had a negative view on human nature and made the central message of his writings based on human weakness (Western Humanities, pg. 346). In The Prince, Machiavelli describes the many negative traits that are inherent among human beings. These traits included are that: people are†¦show more content†¦This requires the people of the state to be obedient. Between cruelty and kindness, cruelty is more efficient, but only in the interests of maintaining the overall welfare of the state. If the prince were to exhibit only cruelty, then the citizens would turn against him and he would eventually be hated. Through this statement, we can see that Machiavelli’s argument is an extension of his partial view on human nature. This argument is logical because as we can see today, we have punishments for those who commit crimes. People follow laws because they fear the punishment that comes with breaking them. And, that some measure of cruelty is necessary to maintain order. The repercussions may not be as extreme as it was back then, but the general idea still exists. This also ties in with another of Machiavelli’s views in that people are trustworthy when times are good, but become selfish, deceitful, and driven by profit when times are bad. Machiavelli argues that when the state is in times of prosperity and good terms, the citizens will be happy and will be obedient to the prince. But when the state becomes threatened or if the prince does not lead the state well, then the citizens will become disorderly and selfish. This can be found in Chapter IX when Machiavelli states that in times of prosperity, everyone declares allegianceShow MoreRelated Machiavelli’s View of Human Nature Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli’s View of Human Nature Simple versions of Machiavelli’s conception of human nature may readily be elicited from The Prince. It is easy to find textual support for claims that appear to presuppose or be equivalent to some version of psychological egoism. He says, for example, that â€Å"men in general †¦ are ungrateful, voluble, dissemblers, anxious to avoid danger, and covetous of gain; as long as you benefit them, they are entirely yours,† but their â€Å"love is held by a chain of obligationRead MoreEssay about Machiavelli’s View of Human Nature583 Words   |  3 Pages Machiavelli’s philosophy about the nature of man is that man possesses both good and bad qualities, but will lean towards his own self-interests when all things are equal: thus man is a fickle creature. Machiavelli’s view of human nature influences his view of government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Machiavelli writes, â€Å"that man has qualities that will bring him either praise or blame† and because aRead MoreAnalysis Of The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli832 Words   |  4 Pageswas of the view that politics has the morality of its own, and that there is no repute of justice or injustice, of brutality or forgiveness, of agreement or dishonor, which should interfere with the decision of defending the state and preserving its freedom. The Prince was written as a letter of personal advice to Lorenzo Medici. He has made numerous recommendations to the ruler in instruction to protect his power (Jacobs). Apart from this, he underscored the ideology of human nature, which accordingRead MoreComparing Nicolo Machiavelli s The Prince1014 Words   |  5 PagesWhile the human race is incredibly diverse and expansive, many writers and philosophers work to find common characteristics that they can attribute to what is typically referred to as human nature. Nico lo Machiavelli provides his beliefs on human nature in his text, The Prince. While this work mostly surrounds the proper way to lead a princedom, there are many parts of the text that show how human nature affects the way a prince should rule his people. The examples of princes having to work aroundRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1699 Words   |  7 Pagesworld leaders to political antiheroes in television dramas, characterizing someone as a â€Å"Machiavellian figure† is perceived more as derisive description than an accurate representation of that person’s philosophical views of power. This popular depiction is due to Niccolo Machiavelli’s harsh portrayal of the interlaced relationship between power and politics in his treatise, The Prince. Machiavelli begins his work by contending that it is â€Å"more effective† to reveal the â€Å"practical truth of a subject†Read MoreNiccolo Machiavellis The Prince810 Words   |  3 Pages Niccolo Machiavelli’s most famous book, The Prince, contains the most valid information for a prince, a president, and even a king, to keep hold of their own power. Machiavelli tells about the importance and power of political action, his opinions, and most of all philosophy at it’s finest. Throughout the twenty-six chapters of this book he describes the bold, brave, practical, and powerful prince and how the prince’s life should be lived. Machiavelli’s view of human nature is used as justificationRead More Machiavelli?s View Of Human Nature Essay1060 Words   |  5 Pages Machiavelli’s view of human nature. Machiavelli has long been required reading for everyone intrested in politics and power. In The Prince Niccolo M achiavelli presents a unique view on governing a state. Machiavelli believes the ruling Prince should be the only authority that should determine every aspect of the state and put in effect a policy which would serve his best interests. These interests were gaining, maintaining, and expanding his political power. (Machiavelli,5). His understandingRead MoreThe Political Theories Of Machiavelli, Niccolo Machiavelli And Thomas Hobbes1456 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent views of human nature, which is what people are fundamentally like. In order for a political theory to function in a certain society, it needs to understand how people think and act. Three prominent political theorists were Aristotle, Niccolo Machiavelli, and Thomas Hobbes. Aristotle viewed humans as natural â€Å"political animals† that have both rational and irrational sides to them, allowing for a government that provided overall goodness for the people. Machiavelli took a more grim view of humanRead MoreEssay about Reflection on Machiavelli919 Words   |  4 PagesMachiavelli was born on May 3, 1469 in Florence, Italy. Florence was considered one of the most dominant Italian power to conquer. It was the main attraction for the renaissances influences. Throughout the years, Machiavellis presence was around the time that both the French and Spanish armies were fighting over the control of Italy. During this time, Italy was falling apart because it was deficient in leadership. Machiavelli served 14 years as Chancellor of Florence before he was exiled inRead MoreMachiavelli s A Comparison Of Ideals748 Words   |  3 Pagesthe basis of sovereignty. All things considered, government is still a very broad term. Many have spent years philosophizing the different ways the system of government can function as. Two men, specifically, have thought quite a bit about power, human nature, and the ideal way of governing.   Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s political philosophy in  The Social Contract speaks often of freedom. Some of his popular ideas are the general will that expresses the need for said freedom. Government’s creation was for

The Influence Of Zionism On The Creation Of A Jewish State

Zion Since biblical times Jewish communities lived in Arab lands, in Persia, India, East and North Africa and indeed in Palestine. However more modern times have seen them as a nomadic people, living in various countries but never truly finding a land to call there own. In the late 19th and early 20th century an idea began to gain solidarity and momentum, that of Zionism. The idea of Zionism, to create a Jewish state, is arguably one of modern society’s most polarizing and influential movements. Zionism has influenced political, religious, and social groups in a variety of ways that culminated in the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.(Cohen, week 10) The term Zionism, as it is understood today, began to be used significantly by the political activist Herzl. Herzl was driven to action following the event of the infamous anti-Semitic Dreyfus affair in which a Jewish/French officer was wrongly accused of spying for Germany. This led Herzl to believe that anywhere the Jews went t hey would be unfairly persecuted. Herzl’s solution, create an independent Jewish state. To realize his goal Herzl began to look to political, religious, and social groups to garner support for his cause. (Cohen, Week 10) The global political landscape is fickle and has a habit of mutating and evolving in strange ways. The view of Zionist movement was hardly unaffected by these rapid changes in political mindset and agenda. Pre World War 1 era saw a primary anti-sematic Europe, from FrancesShow MoreRelatedThe Creation Of The Jewish State As Part Of Palestine1281 Words   |  6 PagesNations General Assembly recommended the creation of the Jewish state as part of Palestine. Many events in the Jewish history gave purpose to create Israel. The most important were Zionism and Holocaust, as well as end of the Second World War, where French and British have their influence on Arab world. Genocide of the European Jews was at the horror point and led to the demand for the Jewish Stat e. The process of the creation of Israel started with the Zionism movement that was happening in 1897 andRead MoreEssay about The Collapse of the Ottoman Empire1790 Words   |  8 PagesGod had made a covenant with the Jewish people to return them to the Land of Canaan or the Biblical Promise land (Christian Zionists share sympathize with the Jews, based on common backgrounds). Yet in the Quran, as espoused by the Prophet Muhammad, the lands of Jerusalem are said to be the holiest of all Arabic lands. Three movements would develop in response to these deep divisions. The Zionism movement, the Arabism movement, and the Palestinian movement. The Zionism movement, as outlined by TheodoreRead MoreThe Arab Israeli Conflict Between Islam And Judaism Essay1466 Words   |  6 Pagestwo movements, Zionism and Arab Nationalism, showcase the emerging question of identity during the 19th and 20th centuries. The Arab states, long ruled by Western colonial powers, emerged from the Mandate sys tem weak and powerless. Why British troops did not leave Palestine until May 1st, 1948. Prior to this, the British proclaimed their support for a Jewish state through the Balfour Declaration (1917). In 1947 the United Nations released resolution no. 181 which created two states, one Palestinian-ArabRead MoreZionism and the Impact of World War One on the Middle East1534 Words   |  6 Pagesnationalist movement of Zionism emerged out of the Jewish people’s need for a national state of their own. This idea harkens back to the establishment of the Kingdom of Israel after the Exodus. The Holy Land and all of its historic prestige persisted in Jewish culture as they spread throughout the Diaspora for 2000 years. Restrictions and persecution followed the Jewish people as they were met with prejudice throughout Eastern and Western Europe. Organized political Zionism grew from tsarist RussiaRead MoreNational Identity And Religious Identity1707 Words   |  7 Pagesdifficult for the country to move forward, as the divergent views of the different factions have led to a great number of violent altercations, both in the political sphere and in religious circles as well.  This essay is a strong attempt at analyzing Zionism, and look into how Israel as a nation has been able to separate the idea of national identity and religious identity within the nation. The essay shall rely heavily on journal articles and books on the matter. Also, it shall rely on documentariesRead MoreEssay about The Arab-Israel Conflict1207 Words   |  5 Pageswas seen from the world and how it influence other nations, including the super powers, during the Cold War Era. There was a rise in Zionism in the area of Palestine and abroad from Jewish who wanted a state. Zionism is, because on the one hand it concerns one of the oldest peoples with a clear connection to a specific land, and on the other hand most of that people had been physically separated from that land for many centuries. Zionism saw a creation of a State as a protection from anti-SemitismsRead MoreUnintended Consequences - Israel from Palestine1297 Words   |  6 Pagescausation in the creation of Israel and generous partition of Palestine is the potential for nations to pity the Jews for their suffering. In truth, Zionism wasn’t offered any gains by the Holocaust. Not only was the genocide irrelevant to the argument of Zionism to the rest of the world, but it also couldn’t be pitied, as it was not yet understood. Overall, the Palestine question – and it was just that: a question regarding Palestine, not Israel – was answered based on the state of event s in theRead MoreEssay about Supporting Israel: Recent Rise of Anti-Semitism1198 Words   |  5 PagesEvery time someone turns on the news there is so much that is going on in the world like the Russians secret nuclear plant, the President of the United States flirts and takes selfie, actors that died or are going to rehab, violence against ethnicities in Syria , and fighting for religious freedom in Egypt. How much of this is real? How much attention is given to the important news? The media has a tendency of showing what they know will be popular eve, if it’s not true. Like the previous examplesRead More Theodor Herzl: Father of Zionism? Essay2269 Words   |  10 PagesTheodor Herzl: Father of Zionism? Theodor Herzl is often referred to today as the Father of Zionism, a man known for his role in the establishment of a homeland for the Jewish people. His most famous pamphlet, The Jewish State, inspired thousands of Jewish men and women from across the world, although particularly in Europe, to leave their homes to realize the glory of creating their own homeland in Palestine. While Herzl was originally a believer in the gradual assimilation of German and AustrianRead MoreIn 1948, the Zionist movement realized its goal of creating a national home for the Jewish people1700 Words   |  7 Pagesof creating a national home for the Jewish people by founding the State of Israel. Zionists had been working toward this goal for decades, but only won decisive international support in the aftermath of the Holocaust, a catastrophe that supported the Zionist argument that the Jewish people would only be safe in their own state, where they could live as they chose and defend their culture. Ind eed, the Holocaust was the single most important factor in the creation of Israel, in large part because the

Management Perspectives of Woolworth-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Critically analyse the roles, functions that managers perform and discuss the challenges and risks they have to address in todays changing Organisations. Answer: Introduction of the company: Woolworth is the company that operates its business in retail industry in Australia. The company has started its business by opening its first store in the year 1924. This suggests that the company is very old and thus have a trust worthy brand name in the market. The company has used many strategies such as acquisition and mergers and made many efforts in reaching the position where it is today(Demirkan, Kauffman, Vayghan, Fill, Karagiannis and Maglio, 2009). It has acquired many small companies and today, it is the largest retailer in the country and has around 31% of the total market share. Woolworth is not only operating in Australia but also paved its way towards the global international countries such India. In India, the company operates by the joint venture with TATA (Wilson,Tucker, Hooker, LeJeune and Doohan, 2008). The company also has its stores in New Zealand and other countries. Management structure and the roles of managers This diagram shows the management structure of the company. It has been analysed from the structure that the roles of managers in the company are very much important and crucial. Without managers, the company cannot survive for long. Following are some of the roles and the functions of the managers in the organisation. Roles: Managers play a very important role in the organisation. The changes in the organisational structure change the role and the importance of managers in the organisation. The first role that has been played by the managers is to act as the leader (Drori, Hllerer and Walgenbach, 2013). Managers have to lead the employees under them and thus they act as the leaders. According to the management structure of the company called Woolworth, it has been identified that the company has different managers for each department. Thus these managers act as leaders for the employees of the different departments. Woolworth operates in the retail industry and thus every store requires a manager to manage the sales staff of the store. They have to directly communicate with the customers as well. This practice forces the store managers to be negotiator (Grewal, Levy and Kumar, 2009). They also play the role of negotiator when the changes in the organisation are occurring. As in case of Woolworth, maintai ning the relation with the suppliers is also very much important for the company and this was done by the managers only. A manager also has top act as the figurehead. Figurehead is the one who is filled by all other members of the company. Functions The major functions of the managers in the company are planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Al these functions real lost conducted by the managers of Woolworth (Samson and Singh, 2008). The first function that is planning is the process that allows the managers to make the plan for conducting the process or activity in the organisation, organizing refers to allocation and arrangement of the resources and the activities in sequential order. Staffing means recruiting the required human resources, direction means providing direction to the employees and controlling means monitoring the whole process of the organisation. Legitimacy of management and impact of social and political factors on management: Legitimacy of management can be defined as the governance of the management. This legitimacy comes when the social and the political factors affect the management of the company. Woolworths management was also impacted by the outside political and the social environment. The company used to adapt the localization strategy in order to serve the customers of different places with the choice of their products. This is the result of social impact on the management (Harris, Kacmar, Zivnuska and Shaw, 2007). The company also focuses on the diversity of the workforce. As far as the political framework is considered, the company looks for the political stability in the country and believes in maintaining the laws and the legal legislations passed by the country government in regard with retail industry. The management has to make such policies that are in consideration with the legal framework of the country. Challenges and risks faced by them: Challenges faced by the managers in 21st century are large in number. This is because of introduction of new trends, increase in competition and also the changing needs and requirement of the employees. As the case of Woolworth is considered, there are many instances that show that Woolworth managers are facing challenges to handle the staff and thus, making wring decision in managing the organisations (Wahyuni, 2010). Review of the employees of Woolworth suggests that the company is not conscious about the employees and the managers are unable to take care of the bad practices such as bullying that are occurring in the organisation. It has been claimed by an employees from the store of NSW that one of the manager is doing such bullying to the employees thus letting down the company. In general there are many challenges that can be faced by the manager such as diversity. Different needs of employees, training, etc. Thus keeping in mind all these things, it is necessary for the Woolworth managers to take strict action against such unethical practices in the company (Dos Santos, 2011). Organisation culture: Organisation culture of the company can be defined as the beliefs and the values of the company to deal with all the stakeholders. It is the environment of the company and the values that are followed by the company to do business (King and Thobela, 2014). Woolworth is the brand that has value based culture. This company believes in delivery great products to their customers along with the welfare and development of the employees. The people strategy has been incorporated in the company in order to develop the employees of the firm. This strategy aims at providing and enhancing the employee engagement in the organisation, enhancing value based leadership. Developing the employees by showing them the career path is also the aim of people strategy (Arli, Dylke, Burgess, Campus and Soldo, 2013). The company also focuses on development of skills and leadership of the people. This requires the company to train the employees. Woolworth ensures that every individual or the employee in the organisations get equal opportunity. The company has implemented the strategy to hire more and more disabled people in the organisation to perform the tasks that can be done by them. The company also focuses on providing remuneration and schemes to the employees and thus organise many programs for the same. This overall discussion suggests that the culture so the organisation is very much employee oriented (Financial Review, 2017). Impact of ethics, values and diversity: Ethics can be defined as the moral principles that have been followed by the organisation or the individual. Ethical consideration is very much important for any of the organisation. This is because ethics provides a behavior framework for the company to be followed. Values at the same time are the beliefs of the company that are also been followed by each and every employees of the company. The last thing is diversity. Diversity can be defined as the variation in the process and the workforce of the company (NewsComAu., 2017). Diversity in culture of the resources and diversity in various processes are t the culture of the organisation as well as the working and functions of the managers in the company. Woolworth is the company that operates its business in various countries and thus has to maintain the ethical framework of each and every country along with its base country. Diversity also needs to be amended at the same time. On culture: Ethics affect the culture of the organisation very much. This is because the organisational culture can be firmed only by considering the ethical principles that needs to be followed by the company. Woolworth is the fir that focuses on maintaining the ethical values in training the employees as well as other stakeholders of the company (Mumbrella.com.au., 2017). As the company is very much dependent on the customers so making the ethical framework for the customers is also the need for the company. This frames the best of the company's organisational structure. Values of the company also have its impact on the organisational culture. As discussed that Woolworth is the vale based company and thus the structure of the organisation is also complementary to it (Keith, 2012). Last factor is diversity; diversity in Woolworth is in the workforce as well as in the process. As the company has diversity in its functions as it affects the organisational culture of the company. Woolworth culture is very much customer as well as employee oriented. This is because the company has to deal with the customers as well as the employee at the same time. Diversity beings innovation in the company and enables the company to bring advancement in the process according to the diversity in its functions and workforce. On managers: Managers play greater roles in the company. This has already been discussed in the above section that Woolworth is the firm that is facing many challenges in terms of management. The factors like ethics, values and diversity affect the managerial functions and roles in the company. Ethics in the company needs to be implemented by the managers only (Digital, 2017). Managers need to consider the ethical issues in framing the plans for the process that needs to be conducted in the organisation. It is also necessary to involve the values of the company. Managers are the one who acts as the leaders and the employees follow the managers. Values of the company are the elements that need to be taught to the employees at the time they enter the organisation. This is the duty of the manager to follow such values nada los ensures that the employees are following the same (Woolworths, 2017). The last factor is diversity. Diversity also affects the managers work. The managers need to implement th e strategies that consider the views of all the employees who have diverse culture and beliefs. Thus it makes it difficult for the managers to handle such workforce who have different backgrounds. This is because the people from different backgrounds have different perspectives and considering the views of all becomes 1impossible. This enables the manager to take the most intelligent decision by hearing the opinions of all the members. Results and conclusion: It has been concluded from the above case study that organisational culture of the organisation gets affected by many factors. It is the basis of nay of the organisation and the factors like ethics, values and the diversity affect the organisations culture., the managers of the organisations are the one who needs to deal with such evolution in the organisation culture,. They play different roles in the organisations such as of leaders, negotiator, motivator etc. They also play many functions such as planning, organisation etc. As far as the companies like Woolworth is considered, it has been analysed that Woolworth is the form that operates in the industry of supermarket or retail market (Financial Review., 2017). This company has its brand image in the country but still face some of the movement issues now and then. This is because of the change in the culture and the external business environment of the place. This commonly believes in value based culture and follows the ethical fr amework properly. Diversity in the workforce and the changing values of the company affect the roles of managers and the organisations culture of the company and they form the basis for developing the culture of the organisation and the managerial functions as well References: Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R. and Soldo, E., 2013. Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration.Journal of Economics, Business Accountancy Ventura,16(1). Demirkan, H., Kauffman, R.J., Vayghan, J.A., Fill, H.G., Karagiannis, D. and Maglio, P.P., 2009. Service-oriented technology and management: Perspectives on research and practice for the coming decade.Electronic commerce research and applications,7(4), pp.356-376. Digital, B., 2017.WOOLWORTHS HOLDINGS LIMITED | CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | RISK MANAGEMENT. [online] Woolworthsholdings.co.za. Available at: https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/governance/risk_management.asp [Accessed 17 Jun. 2017]. Dos Santos, M.A., 2011. Minimising the business impact on the natural environment: A case study of Woolworths South Africa.European Business Review,23(4), pp.384-391. Drori, G.S., Hllerer, M.A. and Walgenbach, P. eds., 2013.Global themes and local variations in organisation and management: Perspectives on glocalisation. Routledge. Financial Review., 2017.10 challenges for Woolworths. [online] Available at: https://www.afr.com/business/10-challenges-for-woolworths-20150120-12u29m [Accessed 17 Jun. 2017]. Financial Review., 2017.Why ignoring customers doesn't work. [online] Available at: https://www.afr.com/business/woolworths--what-went-wrong-at-the-supermarket-giant-20150507-ggwuqp [Accessed 17 Jun. 2017]. Grewal, D., Levy, M. and Kumar, V., 2009. Customer experience management in retailing: An organising framework.Journal of Retailing,85(1), pp.1-14. Harris, K.J., Kacmar, K.M., Zivnuska, S. and Shaw, J.D., 2007. The impact of political skill on impression management effectiveness.Journal of Applied psychology,92(1), p.278. Keith, S., 2012. Coles, Woolworths and the local.Locale: The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies,2, pp.47-81. King, L. and Thobela, S., 2014. Woolworths farming for the future.International Food and Agribusiness Management Review,17(B). Mumbrella.com.au., 2017.woolworths-where-did-it-go-wrong [online] Available at: https://mumbrella.com.au/woolworths-where-did-it-go-wrong-308694 [Accessed 17 Jun. 2017]. NewsComAu., 2017.A barrel of bad news for Woolies. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/woolworths-profits-slide/news-story/0c288542f3827e280dbd77be837167f0 [Accessed 17 Jun. 2017]. Samson, D. and Singh, P.J., 2008.Operations management: An integrated approach. Cambridge University Press. Wahyuni, D., 2010. The Importance of Supply Chain Management in Competitive Business: A Case Study on Woolworths. Wilson, R.S., Tucker, M.A., Hooker, N.H., LeJeune, J.T. and Doohan, D., 2008. Perceptions and beliefs about weed management: perspectives of Ohio grain and produce farmers.Weed Technology,22(2), pp.339-350. Woolworths, M., 2017.Management mistakes cost Woolworths. [online] Business News. Available at: https://www.businessnews.com.au/article/Management-mistakes-cost-Woolworths [Accessed 17 Jun. 2017].

Cubs Vs. Sox free essay sample

Cubs vs. Sox There is a choice that many people in Chicago have had to make that decides who your friends are and who your enemies are. The choice is Cubs or Sox? To me the choice was easy The Sox are the better team and they are fun to watch. Others think the Cubs are the better team but I don’t see why. How can the Cubs be so great if they haven’t won the World Series in 100 years? How can you strive for greatness with your fans saying â€Å"We’ll win next year.† When cub fans say the Cubs have more potential than the Sox I bring up that World Series we won. Some people bring up the curse of the goat but I say the Red Sox broke their curse and if the Cubs are so great why can’t they break theirs? Even though the white Sox season was less than perfect we didn’t go down without a fight and we’re going to come back strong. We will write a custom essay sample on Cubs Vs. Sox or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Maybe the Cubs would win if they stopped blaming one thing or another and started trying to improve and blamed themselves for how badly they play when your team is called the Chicago Orphans from 1898 – 1901 you can tell you have been abandoned by your fans. When the white Sox won the World Series I felt that I had proven who the better team was, but the cub fans did what they do best and made up excuses, especially about the A.J Pierzynski play where the call was a third strike but he ran to first base and was called safe because of the drop third strike rule. For all I’m concerned that’s a reward of hard work and knowing how the game is played. Those are the reasons that the White Sox won in the first place. That’s how I feel, and I don’t care if you agree with me or not. Go Sox!

Japanese Govern. Essays - Demonyms, Japanese, Education In Japan

Japanese Govern. Applicants must be at least seventeen years and less than twenty-two years of age. The awards are tenable for five years including preliminary instruction in the Japanese language and other subjects (one year course) given immediately after arrival in Japan. Grantees will receive a monthly allowance of 138,500 yen (in FY 1992) for the term of his/her scholarship, a return ticket, tuition exemption, and accommodation. Some conditions apply. The Japanese diplomatic missions abroad will, in cooperation with the foreign governments concerned, select preliminary candidates from among applicants by means of an interview and academic examination and a review of the submitted documents. Contact: Consulate-General of Japan 900-1177 West Hastings Street Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6E 2K9 Deadline: September 1. (Japanese Studies) Monbusho (Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Government of Japan) offers scholarships to foreign students who wish to pursue Japanese Studies. In addition to the study of Japanese language and special lectures concerning life and culture of Japan, each student will be able to take undergraduate courses related to his/her major field of study. Applicants must be at least eighteen years and less than thirty years of Religion

U.S. and Cuban independence in 1898 essays

U.S. and Cuban independence in 1898 essays As we learn in "From Columbus to Castro," the U.S. chose to impose its Manifest Destiny on the nations of Northern Europe that had colonies in the Caribbean. Both French and British government officials had something to say about this, and one important example can be found on pp.416, Lord Salisbury, the British Foreign Secretary, states that "no nation, however powerful, [is] competent to insert into the code of international law a novel principle which was never recognized before." Also, he adds that "they are not prepared to admit that the interests of the United States are necessarily concerned in every frontier dispute which may arise between any two of the states who possess dominion in the Western Hemisphere," referring of course to Britain and France. The question of whether Britain was necessarily correct in their criticism of the U.S., and particularly, whether this attitude on the part of the U.S. may have led to the takeover of Cuba in 1898 is certainly a complex one. We learn that during the Cuban revolt of 1898 against the Spanish occupation, the U.S. sent a battleship named the Maine to Havana, where it was suddenly blown up. The U.S. accused Spain of carrying out the attack, while the Spanish said it was a mechanical fault of the ship, but in any case, the relevant occurence is what took place next. The U.S. gave Spain an ultimatum, saying that they should leave immediately, and that they (U.S.) would assume control over the island for the purpose of "pacification..." and that "when that is accomplished [they would] leave the government in control of the island to its people." (pp. 420). Perhaps unsurprisingly, the U.S. set up military bases on the island, and stayed there for the next 25 years. So much for giving the island back to its people. So my question is, do you think Britain was right in accusing the U.S. of being selfish, or do you think they had a genuine desire to help the Cubans achieve their ...

HUM310_LU2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HUM310_LU2 - Essay Example iest way is to make our government entirely consistent with itself, and give to every loyal citizen the elective franchise, - a right and power which will be ever present, and will form a wall of fire for his protection’. In the eighteenth and nineteenth century, racial discrimination was rampant and the whites maintained a racial divide within the society through deliberate use of powerful lobby of the whites and financial advantages that they enjoyed over their less privileged counterparts. Racial differences were very apparent in southern American states whereas the northern American colonies had considerably moved forward in terms of black population enjoying more rights and privileges. The slavery was motivated by the human selfishness and vested interests. So despite bill of civil rights and constitutional promulgation of abolition of slavery, the ground reality remained bleak for the blacks till the rebellion which forced the government to introduce more efficient and effective tools so that equal rights could be enjoyed by ever American citizen. The rebellion brought out the blacks in the forefront of American polity. It made Congress notice the continued oppression of the blacks and take appropriate action through legislative rights. The article is very succinct in claiming that ‘If with the negro was success in war, and without him failure, so in peace it will be found that the nation must fall or flourish with the negro’. The reconstruction of society that provides equality and basic human dignity of life has become vital for peaceful co-existence. The elected government must ensure the same. Indeed, the values have tremendously changed. The blacks are no more looked down by the hitherto privileged class. Equal opportunity has provided the masses with education and employment, considerably raising the living status of the blacks and the minority. Indeed, as the article asserts that ‘They want a reconstruction such as will protect loyal men,

Analysis of a management practitioner article using relevant Essay

Analysis of a management practitioner article using relevant organisational behaviour theory - Essay Example Taylor to a certain extent stressed that just monetary reward will motivate workers to perform better. Even though production dramatically increased, resentment and anger towards management ran high. The biggest impact that changed the outlook of the management world was the Hawthorne Studies (1923 - 1933), which indirectly established that workers motivate to other factors other than money and that they will perform better when they are appreciated. From then on theories that specifically stressed employee behaviour emerged. There is a marked difference in the approaches of the early theorists, and modern thinkers. While the early theories stressed that workers were motivated by money and that there were no conflict of interest between the goals of the workers and the organization. Now it is universally recognized that organizations are social entities and not just economic ones, workers are not motivated by money alone, there can exist conflict of interest between the employees' and organizational goals, employees need not always behave logically and existence of informal groups affect employee behaviour. "These studies added much to our knowledge of human behaviour in organizations and created pressure for management to change the traditional ways of managing human resources. The Human Relations Movement pushed managers toward gaining participative support of lower levels of the organization in solving organization problems. The Movement also fostered a more open and trusting environment and a greater emphasis on groups rather than just individuals" (Wertheim). A theory known as Theory Z has incorporated American and Japanese Management practices was propounded by Mr. William Ouchi in 1981. The salient points of this theory is efforts to provide long term employment, a hand in decision making, individual responsibility in the place of collective responsibility, slow evaluation of work and slow promotion and a concern toward the not only the employee but his family as well. "In 1981, William Ouchi came up with a method that would combine American and Japanese managing practice together to form Theory Z. In order for him to accomplish this, he had to learn about the Japanese culture. He had to find out why the Japanese quality and productivity were much higher than the American" (Colon). Literature review Organisational behaviour is the study of the behaviour of the human resources and its impact on the organisation. "Organisational Behaviour (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations" (Organisational behaviour. 2007). Organisational behaviour is the sum total of the behaviour of the employees in the organisation. The attitude of the management has great influence over the organisational behaviour. A better interpersonal relationship is very essential for a better organisational be

Care Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Care Plan - Assignment Example on the patient was educated on the proper consumption of food, hygiene and other activities so that the clinical care process would not be too debilitating or stressful. Based on the symptoms such as shortness of breath and obstruction in breathing, diagnostic tests were carried out and the final diagnosis was arrived at which was emphysema and COPD. The patient’s case was a Pulmonary Clinical one and he was therefore educated on some of the very important aspects of the case. Firstly, right from the onset, the patient was educated on the importance of taking an active part in the whole health care process from decision – making, planning, assessment and treatment to ensure proper adjustment in the delivery of health care. The patient was kept motivated and focused by the caregiver who showed concern and empathy for the disabilities experienced, through dialogue and communication not only with the patient but with other family members to gauge the level of support rendered by them. Subjective data such as dry cough, shortness of breath, fever, poor appetite, and sore throat were collected for diagnosis. Assessment was made on the background of the patient. Close communication with the patient in the form of dialogue and questioning was maintained throughout the delivery of care, so the patient understood the health issues he faced, and hence would make better adjustments. The patient was a sociable individual who socialized among members of her church and she made regular visits to her primary health care physician and also took part in support groups as she was lonely. She also did sewing to pass her time. Smoking was one of the bad habits she had and she smoked a pack of cigarettes each day which has served to impact her health and worsen the situation, but she denied alcohol abuse. Insurance took care of some of her medical expenses but she also received other medication from her physician. The patient was educated on the harmfulness of smoking and

Pricing And Distribution Strategies

Pricing And Distribution Strategies According to Christian Louboutin Shoes are a mirror of what you want, what you are or what youre missing (Time, 179, page 68); these words has inspired the launch of a new footwear brand -LKS. The concept of this new product is to bring forth a new generation for womens footwear. LKS is to launch a pair of shoes that will be the missing piece of the puzzle. It will encompass the comfort factor but will also have the creative element for the fashion conscious. The inspiration for this product is that it can be worn from day to night, all day every day. This is because the product will have a detachable heel system which will allow the person to interchange the height, the design of the heel or just wearing the shoes as they are. The diagram below will illustrate the concept: Detachable heel clips into place Studies show that wearing high heels can cause Lower Back Disorders (Work, Volume 41, 2012) and can also affect posture whilst at work (Teller Vision, 2013). This is one of the reasons why LKS is launching the detachable heel to tackle these claims. Further to the detachable heel concept; each heel will have its unique design whether it is a metallic stiletto heel or it is a chunky Perspex one. Every one of the designs will reflect the persons personality or styles which are interchangeable. In addition, the idea of the detachable heel is so that an ordinary pair of flat ballerina pumps for example can transform into a pair of glamorous six inch heels; that not only looks chic and fashionable but is also suited to the consumers personal taste. Part A: The Brand Name LKS Love Killer ShoesThe brand name LKS was originally made up of initials from the group as like most footwear brands: Kurt Geiger, Russell Bromley and Jimmy Choo. The initials of the brand can be interpreted as a paradox to our original concept of comfort Love Killer Shoes. The fact that the brand strap line uses the word Killer is humorous as it is a play on the idea that the product is comfortable but it can also mean that the product can be transformed into something amazing. It displays that the brand is quirky, unique and creative. However, the brands logo will depict simplicity. Please refer to the below design: The logo is simply LKS written in a white font in a black background; which includes the strap line Love Killer Shoes underneath also in a white font on a black background. The reason for the choice in colours is because it is minimal and classic like the luxury brand Chanel or Alexander Wang. It can also be compared to the hair straighteners brand GHD with their strap line of Good hair day, every day. LKS vision is to aid the 21st century woman in balancing ones working life with their leisure time. As the population of women in the UK is greater ((51%), Home Office) than mens, the brand aims to sell to women. These women will be working professionals ((Social Grading of A C1), NRS (n.d), Keynote (2012)). People of Social grading A C1 make up a large proportion of consumers in the UK who purchases shoes (Keynote 2012). Statistics in June 2011 shows that (73.1%) women were more likely to purchase shoes much more than men (51.3%). It has also been decided that the brand intends to sell to women between the ages 20 and 34 as Part A: The brand name (contd) these ages showed one of the highest consumer purchases in 2011. (Keynote, Footwear, 2012). Despite the economic climate the footwear industrys growth in 2012 showed a growth of 3.7% (Mintel, July 2012) and as footwear is now seen as a fashion essential many consumer especially women are always looking to buy shoes. Statistics shows that 27% (Mintel, Footwear Retailing July 2012) of consumers buy shoes because they want to find something comfortable; which is one of the reasons why LKS is to launch this unique footwear where comfort and style are put into one package. Part B: Promotion (Please refer to Mood Board) Part B: Promotion, Mood Board justification LKS sole focus is the design of the heel, rather than the entire shoe. LKS product will be trendy, quirky and innovative; therefore a range of materials, colours and patterns will be used in its production. The product will also be catwalk-esque, and high street oriented thus catering to fashionistas. LKS detachable heels will each have its own distinctive design and colour (refer to mood board). Jewel colours (greens/yellows/blues/reds) will be incorporated to make the heel vibrant, depicting their glamorous and gem like nature. For example a green will signify the colour of an emerald. Metallic colours gold and silver will bring edginess and incorporates the rock image instantaneously to the shoe. Different materials in addition to the colours will create texture to the heel and emphasise the difference of LKS heels compared to other normal heels. The brand will be willing to mix and match a variety of fabrics with different colours and patterns. This will become the basis for all the heel designs. The diversity of the designs means that LKS can create heels to correlate with the seasons trends. When considering the marketing strategy, it is crucial to consider the promotional mix. According to Jobber (2009) there are six main components that make up the promotional mix, these include: Advertising, Direct sales, E-commerce, Personal selling, Sales promotion and Public Relations. It is essential to relate to the target audience of young professionals when choosing the most relevant and wide reaching promotional tools. LKS has chosen to utilise Advertising, E-commerce and Public Relations. A push strategy (Jobber, 2009) will be used to stimulate consumer demand for the product. It has been estimated that 1107 million (TfL statistics, n.d) people utilise the underground every year; this means that there will always be a consistent high footfall especially during peak commuting hours. Therefore, part of LKS advertising will take the form of advertisements on the London Underground. These advertisements will capture commuting young professionals interests. In addition, advertisements will also be placed on buses, both inside and outside. This will ensure that LKS maximises the use of all methods of commuting. Part B: Promotion, Mood Board justification (contd) Magazines and newspapers will also form a basis for LKS advertising. LKS will focus on high end glossy magazines such as Elle which has a combined readership of around 1 million (National Readership Survey, April 2012) for print and website compared to Vogue which has an estimated 1.4 million (National Readership Survey, April 2012) combined readership. Limiting the print in only high end glossy magazines will aid LKS to develop a prestigious image and also to show the young stylish professionals that LKS products are of high quality and are the latest must-haves. To further aid with the advertising of LKS; it is important to ensure that the brand gets acknowledgement from these high end magazines. LKS will send out sample products to fashion bloggers and magazine companies for them to review the products and therefore extend brand recognition. Social media is currently becoming an essential part of the daily life; hence the brand will strongly focus on E-commerce which will be social media websites such as Facebook, twitter and Instagram. Statistics shows that on Instagram alone there are 90 million monthly active users and 1000 comments are posted every second (Instagram Press Centre, n.d); LKS will launch with an Instagram account allowing consumers to access new product launches including exclusive insider photos of all aspects of LKS; offering their feedback to ensure the consumer feels valued and connected to LKS. Further to Instagram; Facebook itself has 1 billion monthly active users since October 2012 (Facebook Newsroom, n.d) and twitter (Tweetstats, n.d) who has nearly 1 million users and will indefinitely support the advertising of the brand through competitions and limited sneak peek photos and information. The use of Public Relations will develop the relationship between both consumers and the media. LKS clever stunt will capture both consumer and media attention; taking influence from Lanvin for HM who used Marble Arch in London as a giant billboard by projecting images onto it (Popscreen, n.d). For example, LKS can place a giant shoe, highlighting the detachable heel in Trafalgar Square. Part C: Pricing and Distribution Strategies There are three pricing methods (Jobber, 2009); Cost, Competition, and Marketing Orientated Pricing. LKS will be focusing on the Marketing Orientated Pricing which means that it takes into account a wide range of factors; that aids in price setting. LKS product is of a unique nature therefore the price of the product will be higher than a conventional pair of high heels. The brand wants to be perceived as a high quality luxury brand on the high street and so a premium pricing strategy will be used. Reports on Keynote (2012) shows that consumers highest spending on footwear in the year ending June 2011 is between  £20  £149. As mentioned, LKS will be targeting young professionals in the social grading A C1 so it was essential to set a price that is both affordable for this target group yet will also provide the basis for LKS to be seen as a high end brand. Although LKS product is different from any other products on the market; the competition aspects are still considered to play a vital role in the pricing strategy. It is important to be able to identify the various types of competition in the market, shown in Figure 1. To define LKS Immediate Competitors, the brand has looked at other parts of the footwear industry; what other brands offered on the high street. Kurt Geiger is at present one of the leading footwear brands in the UK and is a retailer that supplies luxury and fashionable shoes. It has been estimated that at the end of January 2011 the company had a turnover of  £185 million (Keynote, 2012). This is one of the main direct competitors of LKS, as both brands are targeting the stylish, young professionals. As shown on the table for Kurt Geiger the pricing range is from  £55  £410 which is a large variation compared to Russell Bromley and CJG. LKS Recommended Retail Price will be starting at  £100 which is competitive against the lowest price point of the main competitors and does not make LKS to be perceived as a cheap brand but a premium one. There are three aspects of channel strategies LKS must consider: Channel Selection, Distribution Intensity and Channel Integration (Jobber, 2009) Distribution (place) To allow for greater consumption and transparency (Jobber, 2009) the main route of distribution will be through online sales and concessions within the well established department stores. The use of an intermediary is essential to distribute to concession as this will assist to improve efficiency and accessibility for consumers (Blythe, 2009) as the products will be dispersed in smaller batches allowing measurement of stock and an even distribution. However, with online commerce; direct producer to consumer channels are the most effective as young working professionals may not have the time to shop in LKS concessions; online shopping will be the most efficient way. Distribution Contd (Intensity) There are three types of distribution intensity. LKS has reviewed all three types: Figure 2 (Source: Jobber, 2009) LKS has opted with Selective distribution into high end concession stores. This will create brand prestige along with brand loyalty. The use of department stores offers a guaranteed footfall compared to a stand-alone store. Harrods for example has over 1.3 million customers every year from more than 134 countries (Chamber Cocktail, 2011). Using Selfridges, Harrods and Libertys as a platform for the product will allow well established customers the chance to try something refreshing, but from a trustworthy and recognised shop. E-commerce has provided consumers with the ability to shop from home; especially when people work all day and have no time to browse around in shops. Online shopping has grown rapidly throughout the years; an approximate value on average for weekly internet sales is  £466.1 million in August 2012 (Office for National Statistics, 2012) which is a growth of 7.5% compared to the previous year. Alongside online website a mobile application will be launched allowing for increased accessibility for shopping on the go.

Essay --

The Life of Mother Teresa India is a country of great poverty. The poor of India wanted help but no one seemed to listen to their cries. About 29.8% of the people of India live below the national poverty line in 2010. One person has changed the way people act today. Even now people still strive to do what she did. Mother Teresa is one of the people who shaped the world. Mother Teresa was brought into the the world on August 26, 1910. Mother Teresa was baptized the day after she was born which is August 27 1910. Her nickname was gonkha which means little bud or flower bud. Agnes Gonxha bojaxhiyIs was Mother Teresa’s real name. Mother Teresa was born in Skopje Macedonia. Skopje is the capital of the republic of Macedonia. Skopje is also the largest city in the republic of Macedonia. Skopje is a humid subtropical climate.In Skopje 10% of the population is Catholic Mother Teresa attended a public school as well as a private school. Later in life she attended a medical mission sisters school. Mother Teresa played mandolin as a young child and she also song with her sister in her church’s choir. Mother Teresa’s biggest hobby was to carry out the will of God. Mother Teresa grew up in a generous family and the family was extremely involved in the church. When mother Teresa was a child she would bring food and medicine to people who needed it. She saw that as a religious duty. When she was eight her father passed away and mother Teresa became close to her mother. When she was on a trip to the chapel of the Madonna of Lentince on a black mountain was when she felt her first calling from God. â€Å"I want Indian Nuns, Missionaries of charity, who would be my fire of love amongst the poor, the sick, the dying, and the little children† sh... ...st mother Teresa. They thought they weren’t sanitary and didn’t have good medical training to care for the poor people. Also people said the only reson people thought she helped people was because she was converting people to christianity. In 1989 she had a herat attack which was followed by surgery and then she was hooked up to a machine to regulate her heartbeat. After a couple years of heart lung and kidney problems she died at age 87 on september 5 1997. Mother teresa is the Saint of Gutters Mother teresa has helped so many poor,unhealthy,homeless,healthy,wealthy, people. She has helped people by curing there sickness, telling us that we can change the world, and that if we just help one person it will make a difference. This paper talked about the life of mother teresa. Mother teresa had a unforgettable life. She had a life that we all would want to have.

The Impact of Declining Nokia Market

PRESTIGE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH SESSION 2012-2014 Minor Research Project Synopsis â€Å"THE IMPACT OF DECLINING NOKIA MARKET † CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1. 1 Literature Review 1. 2 Objective Of The Study 2. Research Methodology 2. 1 The Study 2. 2 Sample 2. 3 Tools For Data Collection 2. 4 Tools For Data Analysis 2. References 3. Questionnaire Introduction Nokia has come a long way to evolve from a paper mill founded in 1865 to a world renowned mobile phone manufacturer and one of the most powerful brands in the world. In 1992 Nokia appointed Jorma Ollila as the new CEO and concentrated its focus on telecommunications.Throughout the 1990’s Nokia was known as a relentless innovator and a pioneer that made the world’s first satellite call among many other groundbreaking milestones. In 1998 Nokia became the world’s largest mobile phone manufacturer with a turnover of 31 billion dollars. Nokia is still the most influential company to the Finnish n ational economy, but Nokia’s effect is far from what it was in the early years of the 21st century when Nokia accounted for almost half of the economic growth in Finland and produced as much as five percent of Finland’s annual Gross Domestic Product.In 2006, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo replaced Jorma Ollila as the CEO, but was not able to reverse the decline of Nokia’s market share especially in the high end segment, where competitors like Apple, Blackberry,HTC, Samsung, and phones using Google’s Android operating system captured market share from Nokia at an alarmingly increasing rate. At the end of year 2010 Android was already the most widespread smart phone operating system in the world and Nokia’s market share in the smart phone segment had declined from 38 to 31 percent in one year (Sokala).Literature Review The purpose of this literature review is to discuss relevant writings on how to improve marketing strategies from the branding perspective. Fir st, important terms such as brand equity and the concept of consumer-based brand equity are discussed. Secondly, the brand management process is discussed from a strategic viewpoint with the help of terms like brand revitalization and integrated marketing activity. The next part of the literature review concentrates on analyzing the marketing environment.Finally, the last section summarizes important conclusions on how the literature review relates to the company being observed, Nokia During 2012, the telecom infrastructure market saw slight growth in capital expenditures in Euro terms by global mobile operators, mainly attributable to operators in Japan, Asia Pacific and North America but it was off-set by declines in Europe, China and India, it added. Objective Of The Study The thesis has three distinct research objectives. First of all I will try to find out what is the aspired brand identity and brand image Nokia is trying to convey with its smart phone marketing.To achieve this I will conduct interviews with people who are responsible for Nokia’s brand management and marketing. The second research objective of my thesis is to find out what is the consumers’ brand perception of Nokia at the moment. To answer this question I will conduct a comprehensive smart phone brand perception survey to collect data from Finland and the United States. The last research objective of the thesis is improving Nokia’s current marketing strategies for its smart phones from a branding perspective in the countries subject to research.By comparing the results of the customer surveys with the company interviews, I can detect where the aspired brand identity of Nokia does not meet the brand perceptions of the consumers. By utilizing the existing knowledge and literature on the topic, I should be able to come up with ways to improve Nokia’s smart phone marketing in the two distinct geographical regions. Research Methodology The Study This Bachelorâ€⠄¢s Thesis is a case study with a conceptual research design since it consists of a defined research problem, clear research objectives, and exact research questions that lead to conclusions on a real-life phenomenon.The thesis includes empirical as well as descriptive elements. There are several contexts to the research, because the aim is to improve Nokia’s existing marketing strategies in different regions based on potentially differing brand perceptions prevalent in these areas. Data Collection Methods Interview Qualitative research and analysis methods were used to assess the depth interview (Appendix 1) conducted on the fourth of February, 2011, with Mr. Pekka Somerto, the Vice President of Nokia’s Brand and Marketing Portfolio Management. The interview was conducted at Nokia’s headquarters in Keilaniemi and it lasted for approximately an hour.The interview consisted of thirteen questions and the purpose was to find out about the brand identity Nokia tries to create with their marketing. The questions asked were chosen based on the literature discussed in the literature review, and with the overall goal of improving Nokia’s marketing strategies for smart phones from the branding perspective. The results of the interview not only helped in reaching the research objective, but they also provided useful ideas and additional questions for the consumer survey. Survey To find out consumers’ brand perceptions of Nokia, quantitative research and analysis methods were utilized.An online consumer survey (Appendix 2) was created with the Qualtrics-software and distributed to approximately 400 people in Finland and the United States through e-mail and social media networks. Data Analysis The data analysis of the survey results started with a general analysis of the averages and apparent trends. It was followed by the identification of significant regional differences between the responses with the help of cross tabulations. QUESTIO NNAIRE Smart Phone Brand Perception Survey REFERENCES Arnould, Eric, Linda Price, and George Zinkhan. Consumers. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin,2004.Print. Barrett, Larry. â€Å"Palm, Nokia Smartphone Users Most Likely to Switch: Survey. † Enterprise Mobile Today. Internet. com, 19 Jan. 2011. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. . Best Global Brands Ranking for 2010. Interbrand, n. d. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. . Business Source Complete. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. . Christodoulides, George, and Leslie De Chernatony. â€Å"Consumer-based brand equity conceptualization and measurement. † International Journal of Market Research 52. 1 (2010): 43-66. EBSCO Business Source Complete. Web. 13 Apr. 2011. . Drobis, David R. â€Å"Integrated Marketing Communications Redefined. † Journal of Integrated The Impact of Declining Nokia Market PRESTIGE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH SESSION 2012-2014 Minor Research Project Synopsis â€Å"THE IMPACT OF DECLINING NOKIA MARKET † CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1. 1 Literature Review 1. 2 Objective Of The Study 2. Research Methodology 2. 1 The Study 2. 2 Sample 2. 3 Tools For Data Collection 2. 4 Tools For Data Analysis 2. References 3. Questionnaire Introduction Nokia has come a long way to evolve from a paper mill founded in 1865 to a world renowned mobile phone manufacturer and one of the most powerful brands in the world. In 1992 Nokia appointed Jorma Ollila as the new CEO and concentrated its focus on telecommunications.Throughout the 1990’s Nokia was known as a relentless innovator and a pioneer that made the world’s first satellite call among many other groundbreaking milestones. In 1998 Nokia became the world’s largest mobile phone manufacturer with a turnover of 31 billion dollars. Nokia is still the most influential company to the Finnish n ational economy, but Nokia’s effect is far from what it was in the early years of the 21st century when Nokia accounted for almost half of the economic growth in Finland and produced as much as five percent of Finland’s annual Gross Domestic Product.In 2006, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo replaced Jorma Ollila as the CEO, but was not able to reverse the decline of Nokia’s market share especially in the high end segment, where competitors like Apple, Blackberry,HTC, Samsung, and phones using Google’s Android operating system captured market share from Nokia at an alarmingly increasing rate. At the end of year 2010 Android was already the most widespread smart phone operating system in the world and Nokia’s market share in the smart phone segment had declined from 38 to 31 percent in one year (Sokala).Literature Review The purpose of this literature review is to discuss relevant writings on how to improve marketing strategies from the branding perspective. Fir st, important terms such as brand equity and the concept of consumer-based brand equity are discussed. Secondly, the brand management process is discussed from a strategic viewpoint with the help of terms like brand revitalization and integrated marketing activity. The next part of the literature review concentrates on analyzing the marketing environment.Finally, the last section summarizes important conclusions on how the literature review relates to the company being observed, Nokia During 2012, the telecom infrastructure market saw slight growth in capital expenditures in Euro terms by global mobile operators, mainly attributable to operators in Japan, Asia Pacific and North America but it was off-set by declines in Europe, China and India, it added. Objective Of The Study The thesis has three distinct research objectives. First of all I will try to find out what is the aspired brand identity and brand image Nokia is trying to convey with its smart phone marketing.To achieve this I will conduct interviews with people who are responsible for Nokia’s brand management and marketing. The second research objective of my thesis is to find out what is the consumers’ brand perception of Nokia at the moment. To answer this question I will conduct a comprehensive smart phone brand perception survey to collect data from Finland and the United States. The last research objective of the thesis is improving Nokia’s current marketing strategies for its smart phones from a branding perspective in the countries subject to research.By comparing the results of the customer surveys with the company interviews, I can detect where the aspired brand identity of Nokia does not meet the brand perceptions of the consumers. By utilizing the existing knowledge and literature on the topic, I should be able to come up with ways to improve Nokia’s smart phone marketing in the two distinct geographical regions. Research Methodology The Study This Bachelorâ€⠄¢s Thesis is a case study with a conceptual research design since it consists of a defined research problem, clear research objectives, and exact research questions that lead to conclusions on a real-life phenomenon.The thesis includes empirical as well as descriptive elements. There are several contexts to the research, because the aim is to improve Nokia’s existing marketing strategies in different regions based on potentially differing brand perceptions prevalent in these areas. Data Collection Methods Interview Qualitative research and analysis methods were used to assess the depth interview (Appendix 1) conducted on the fourth of February, 2011, with Mr. Pekka Somerto, the Vice President of Nokia’s Brand and Marketing Portfolio Management. The interview was conducted at Nokia’s headquarters in Keilaniemi and it lasted for approximately an hour.The interview consisted of thirteen questions and the purpose was to find out about the brand identity Nokia tries to create with their marketing. The questions asked were chosen based on the literature discussed in the literature review, and with the overall goal of improving Nokia’s marketing strategies for smart phones from the branding perspective. The results of the interview not only helped in reaching the research objective, but they also provided useful ideas and additional questions for the consumer survey. Survey To find out consumers’ brand perceptions of Nokia, quantitative research and analysis methods were utilized.An online consumer survey (Appendix 2) was created with the Qualtrics-software and distributed to approximately 400 people in Finland and the United States through e-mail and social media networks. Data Analysis The data analysis of the survey results started with a general analysis of the averages and apparent trends. It was followed by the identification of significant regional differences between the responses with the help of cross tabulations. QUESTIO NNAIRE Smart Phone Brand Perception Survey REFERENCES Arnould, Eric, Linda Price, and George Zinkhan. Consumers. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin,2004.Print. Barrett, Larry. â€Å"Palm, Nokia Smartphone Users Most Likely to Switch: Survey. † Enterprise Mobile Today. Internet. com, 19 Jan. 2011. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. . Best Global Brands Ranking for 2010. Interbrand, n. d. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. . Business Source Complete. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. . Christodoulides, George, and Leslie De Chernatony. â€Å"Consumer-based brand equity conceptualization and measurement. † International Journal of Market Research 52. 1 (2010): 43-66. EBSCO Business Source Complete. Web. 13 Apr. 2011. . Drobis, David R. â€Å"Integrated Marketing Communications Redefined. † Journal of Integrated

How to Create Emotional Messaging That Resonates [PODCAST]

How to Create Emotional Messaging That Resonates [PODCAST] You’ve probably read uninspiring, forgettable content. Having emotional messaging helps you connect with prospects, creating trust and relationships that can lead to sales. Today we’re chatting with Emma Tupa. Emma is the product marketing specialist at and is an expert on conversion copywriting. She uses just the right messaging to help clients find solutions to their problems and to make ’s content memorable and trustworthy. If you want to know how to create emotional messaging to stand out, build relationships and sell more, you won’t want to miss out on today’s show! Emma’s background and how she ended up being the product marketing specialist at , as well as what Emma does on the product marketing team. Emma’s definition of product marketing and how it helps create relationships that can lead to sales. Why it’s important to include emotion in the copy that you write and how to figure out which types of emotional messaging would best resonate with your clients. Emma’s thoughts on finding a good message when you have a diverse clientele, as well as why it’s important to have an idea customer in mind. How to tell whether your messaging is effective and actually working to help you build relationships and create conversions. Some easy ways to jump-start adding some emotional messaging into your copy. Incorporating humor into your copy: How to do it with GIFs, hashtags, and more. What Emma recommends for someone hoping to improve their writing. Links: Emma Tupa PopKey Copy Hackers If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Emma: â€Å"We are writing for an actual person. We aren’t writing for ourselves or for a robot. We need to be able to relate.† â€Å"It’s all about the research and putting yourself in your ideal customer’s shoes. â€Å"You can’t write for everyone when you try to satisfy too many people, you’re really satisfying no one.†

Free Essays on Sidney Sheldons Books

in his book which in fact the cause of why other reader’s don’t like its book. But if you base the book by literature, you’ll find out its really a good and an entertaining story to read METHODOLOGY: Our group created a survey of how Sheldon’s books for readers of different ages by letting them answer in YES or NO. YES if they like the book and NO if not.... Free Essays on Sidney Sheldon's Books Free Essays on Sidney Sheldon's Books †SIDNEY SHELDON’S BOOKS† SIGNIFICANCE: Sidney Sheldon’s books are one of the famous and best sellers. Sidney uses fine words of literature for better use of English for the readers. It is also written in a simple in a way that the readers of his book can easily understand the story. It also increases the reader’s vocabulary for there is words you don’t usually encounter. Some readers are only reading Sheldon’s books because of its eroticism; however, some are reading it for past time or for learning better English. OBJECTIVES: a. Broaden your knowledge, and skill in speaking English. b. Sharpens your memory. c. To help others develop interests in literature d. Give young readers an idea about the world they are going to face. PROBLEM: â€Å"Why do others like Sheldon’s books and others don’t?† HYPOTHESIS: Other readers do not like the way Sheldon explains his story while for others like it because they say they read it for fun. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: Sheldon books are both fictional and romantic. Other reader’s especially older readers do not like it because of how the author explains his story in the book, while some younger reader’s like it. Sheldon expresses erotic words in his book which in fact the cause of why other reader’s don’t like its book. But if you base the book by literature, you’ll find out its really a good and an entertaining story to read METHODOLOGY: Our group created a survey of how Sheldon’s books for readers of different ages by letting them answer in YES or NO. YES if they like the book and NO if not....

Transformational Leadership and how used in the hospitality industry Essay

Transformational Leadership and how used in the hospitality industry can increase profitablity - Essay Example chniques of good listening, hones and open communication, delegating, conflict resolution skills, etc.,† It is generally accept that good leadership is essential to the functioning of an organization. Organizations are constantly seeking leaders with a set of skills at all levels, which can inspire team members to achieve goals and earn the loyalty of customers. Leadership is the process of interaction between situations among team members. Thus, an effective leadership is contingent upon a number of variables, such as trait, leading styles, communications skills, conflict resolutions, and be able to motivate team members. Every team member also has a responsibility that specifies his or her involvement. Teams are set forth to establish roles to accomplish common goals. All team members should have a clear idea of their own roles, own duties, and responsibilities in the team and have a good understanding of how they contribute to achieve the team’s goal. The role given to every single member of the team should reveal their individual strengths as much as possible to maximize each member’s contribute to the fulfilment of the team’s objectives (Bass& Riggio 2005 p45). It is important that the abilities and skills of the employees must have to be brought out in order to fully perform in their duties and obligations in the workplace. The more proficient the member the success of the team is also ensured. A team member is usually chosen based on their expertise, qualities, and what he or she can provide for the team. Therefore, an effective leader should understand his or her team memb er’s strengths and weakness to properly assigned tasks. Transformational leadership is a very important present-day theory of leadership. This leadership style is effective for successful organizational change management. Burns believed that all behaviour regarding leadership is transactional or transformational in nature. Transactional behaviours are "mainly oriented for

Design project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Design project - Assignment Example In order to design an effective mini air compressor, the pumping capacity must be considered in advance. The designed mini air compressor must also be cost effective, portable, lightweight, easy to operate, and safe for use. A mini air compressor is a small device that can be used easily and moved from one place to another with ease. According to the requirements of a mini air compressor, it should be lightweight. A mini air compressor is small in size and making it light weight enhances its portability too. The compressed air is also expected to be released at a higher speed. As a result, the air requires adequate compression so that it is released at the intended speed. The time required to use the mini air compression is also shorter because it is used in filling air gadgets that requires low quantities of air, for instance, a flat tyre, air mattresses, and beach balls among others (Jacobs 2010). One needs to understand the pressure that is required to be generated by the air compressor. One measures the pressure within one of the car tires using the air pressure gauge stored within the car’s glovebox. The value you acquire from the gauge is 29psi. Convert it to a more convenient unit for pressure measurements as follows: A mini air compressor does not require any specialized skills to use. When designing the gadget, simple and easy to understand technology must be used to ensure it is easy to operate. The designed product must also be safe to use because safety of users is a basic quality assurance requirements. A sizeable gadget is also advisable because it should be portable and its cost needs to be reasonable and affordable. Designing a small gadget will require slightly small amounts of funds to implement. This translates to reasonable costs of the material (Jacobs 2010). Designing a gadget like a mini air compressor applies high-tech knowledge. However,

Why is old world wine dropping down in uk Essay - 3

Why is old world wine dropping down in uk - Essay Example During the same period the author find that the New World wine has grown by 3.4%, whereas Old World wine has lost the market share by around 2%. xliv The wine market in UK has been the central hub of wine collection from all over the world. Until recently the Old World economies have been leading in the UK wine market for supplying the classic wines. However, with the emergence of the New World wine producers offering a huge array of wine to choose from along with aggressive promotional strategies have overpoweringly grabbed the market from the hands of the Old World wine manufacturers. The Old World countries like France which used to enjoy monopoly for decades in exporting its tradition-rich wines to the UK markets are now being dominated by the New World economies like Australia with incredible marketing techniques. Factors like poor branding, restricted labelling, inconsistent quality and inept promotional strategy have together led to the decline of the Old World wine producers in the UK wine market. To combat this severe threat an intensive reviewing of attitudes towards brands is exactly what is required for the Old World wine producers to recapture the wine market in UK from the hands of the New Wold wine manufacturers. Understanding the consumers’ needs in today’s modern wine market, adopting clear labelling, recognizing the increasingly stylish wine supply chain, filling the huge information gaps is exactly what is required from the manufacturers of Old World wines. Hence, it is only through the union of innumerable small Old World wine producers reviewing their entire branding strategy that the possibility of their sustainability in the UK wine market prevails. Various European wine producing economies are undergoing tough times in UK wine market (Harrop, 2006). France, Spain, Italy and Portugal, the leading wine producers of the world are gradually losing their

Elevator Failures in Housing for the Elderly Essay Example for Free

Elevator Failures in Housing for the Elderly Essay The advent of multi-stored housing apartments that can be of up to 30 stores imply that any one who has a problem standing or being in elevators for a long time may be forced to seek alternatives which in most cases are non existent. However, the use of elevators should not have been a worry if only they were well functioning and regularly serviced (Fernandez 2008). According to residents, taking a lift is a risk in that they are prone to breakdowns and in most cases it is only one of the up to four lifts that is functional (Fernandez 2008). Some buildings have elevators that breakdown so often that one would rather do without them. The elderly due to their reduced performance are worst affected by the problem; most of them have health problems that do not allow for strenuous activities like walking up storied building (Fernandez 2008). According to a resident at Kingsborough apartment, the problem is compounded by the slowness with which mechanics respond in cases of emergencies (Fernandez 2008). Mechanics take up to nine hours to respond to cases of emergency regarding elevators. Some residents have lost their limbs in efforts to escape from jammed lifts while the loss of time that elevator complications lead to cannot be quantified (Fernandez 2008). Others have lost their lives trying to escape the confines of jammed elevators. Though residences fail elevator inspection test, nothing is being done about the failures; the death of an 89 year old woman which is partly blamed on elevator failure has not even raised concern on the issue (Fernandez 2008). Being stuck in elevators for up to 20 minutes an hour is common and most folks casually chat about it (Fernandez 2008). 151 elevators failures were recorded by Kingsborough extensions in 2007-2008; a record breaking figure for a housing development for the elderly (Fernandez 2008).

Dinosaur Fossils in Antarctica :: Anthropology Essays Paleontology Papers

Dinosaur Fossils in Antarctica Millions and millions of years ago the continents lay together as one super-continent known as Pangea. As time went on and the plates underneath the Earth began to separate, the continents land moved towards the poles where glaciation occurred. Glaciation is the process in which glaciers were formed during the ice age. Glaciation causes a drop in temperature which in turn causes water to freeze and form many layers of ice (http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Permian/intro.html, 1). Due to this layering of ice that has occurred at both poles it has not been easy to discover new dinosaur fossils. However, in a press release of the National Science Foundation researchers, working in two distinct sites of Antarctica found what seem to be fossil remains of two different dinosaurs that had previously never been introduced to the world of science (http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/newsroom/pr.cfm?ni=52, 1). The two different dinosaurs were found in opposite areas of Antarctica. The first dinosaur found was uncovered on the James Ross Island off the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula while the second dinosaur was discovered on the Antarctic interior on a mountain elevating nearly 3900 meters near the Beardmore Glacier. The discovery of these two dinosaurs was important for a couple reasons. First off, dealing with the dinosaur carnivorous dinosaur found off the James Ross Island the discovery was important was because not many dinosaurs from the Cretaceous Time Period had been uncovered in Antarctica. The second reason the finding of this fossil was important was because in the James Ross region of the Antarctic Peninsula there had previously only been six uncovered dinosaur fossils and this finding adds to that number. Lastly, it is a very uncommon to find a dinosaur that was so well preserved considering it died roughly 70 million years ago. In order for it to be in such good shap e it had to float out to sea and lie in the bottom of what was then an extremely shallow part of the Weddell Sea (www.sciencedaily.com, 2). When it comes to the plant-eating dinosaur found on the interior of Antarctica the discovery of this dinosaur was also important because of its rarity. William Hammer, who led the research team said from Augustana College in Rock Island, Illinois said, â€Å"This site is so far removed geographically from any site near its age, it’s clearly a new dinosaur to Antarctica.

The Aristocrat :: essays research papers

Word choice and diction are key elements in expression of one's emotions and character. In the short exerpt from Maya Angelou's I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, entitled, "The Aristocrat," the association of language and character is made clear. Language is used to express feelings, instill emotions in others, and separate classes of people. Language is a key element in the expression of oneself. 	The use of language and tones is what expresses feelings from one individual. During a conversation with Mrs. Flowers, Mrs. Henderson states that she only does what she does sowell with the help of the lord (163). The way she says this shows her faith. It also revealsthe pride she has with her work, deeming it worthy of the creator. Also, when Mrs. Flowers is having a conversation with Marguerite about words, she states, "It takes the human voice to infuse them with shades of deeper meaning" (163). This means that the words themselves are important, but not as important as the voice behind them. Words alone contain literal and figurative meanings, but these meanings can be more easily understood with the human understandings of voice tones. Finally, after Mrs. Flowers reads the beginning of A Tale of Two Cities aloud with all the emotions of her spoken words, the only way Marguerite can respond is with a, "Yes Ma'am" (164). This shows that she is confused. Short phrases in response to long, heart filled elegies display one's confusion and awe-struck nature. Language, in terms of both the spoken and written word, has the power to awaken emotions in readers and listeners. For instance, Marguerite mentions that often her mother would refer to Mrs. Flowers with familiar terms such as "sister" (161) in a way that made her want to hide her face in shame. This is an indication that the way her mother used her language to address others was an embarrassment to Marguerite. This is one emotion associated with how others speak. Later, the narrator mentions how her mother had a tendency to misuse her vowels around Mrs. Flowers in a way that aggravated and actually angered Marguerite (162). This shows that the way her mother talked embued the narrator with anger. Since anger and frustration are the natural companions of embarrassment, it was more than likely that the speaker in this story would feel those accompanying emotions. Finally, after a command by Mrs.

Flexible Learning Essay

Education is a broadly debated topic, now there is a new concept emerging, ’flexible learning’. This essay will discuss what is understood by this term and how it could affect the way of the future in education. Furthermore it will discuss how flexible learning has engaged technology and how it has made education more accessible and equitable. Next it will demonstrate how individual students have benefited through the use of technology with flexible learning, and how students are able to be the central focus of their own education. Technology brings with it many advantages for the future of education, however not without some setbacks, this essay will also discuss these. This essay will argue that because of the increasing accessibility and improvements in technology, flexible learning should be the way of the future in education. Flexible learning is quickly becoming the way of the future for education, as it engages and implements the use of sophisticated technology. According to George and Luke (cited in Andrews & Ferman 2001) flexible learning is a multi-directional approach to learning using different methods of delivery. On the other hand, Nunan (cited in Andrews & Ferman 2001, p. 2) considers that ‘flexible delivery is often taken to mean the same thing as increasing flexibility in learning’. Summarising Harmes (2010) explains flexible learning engages technology, allowing the use of the internet, e-mail, and other digital interactive technology. It also allows the student to freely access online lectures and study material and more importantly it enables teachers to position the student as the central focus of the learning experience. This can be seen at universities including the relatively new University of Queensland campus at Ipswich who are using technology to promote flexible learning. It was in fact the purpose built with this in mind; and included computer rooms, a self-directed learning centre and even wireless laptops (Andrews&Ferman 2001). Another example of flexible learning is discussed by Huijser, Bedford and Bull (2008) who describe the Tertiary Preparation Program (TPP); this is a course which is accessed online and on-campus. TPP students can engage in online lectures, Wimba classrooms and forums, study material can also be submitted online and feedback returned to student, again online. Using technology students have engaged in flexible learning all over Australia, including international students. Furthermore TPP is currently funded by the government making it free; this allows students to prepare for higher study prior to investment. The outcome of this should be a higher intake of fee paying students, which in turn should lead to increased government funding for universities. Flexible learning through technology has made education more accessible and therefore equitable. Harmes (2010) discusses how the internet has increased the number of students to able to study degrees through online study material and lectures. As a result of technological advances the world has become a â€Å"global village â€Å"and students can participate in a global classroom. Worldwide opportunities using technology and flexible learning should be funded locally (Zhao 2009). Ultimately this will enable there to be proximity through distance, and will allow students to study anytime and anywhere, thus making education more equitable explains Harmes (2010). There are students from as far away as remote Western Australia studying through the University of Southern Queensland (USQ). They are able to access all the lectures and tutorials online, and USQ plans to offer many more academic programs online by 2012 (The Chronicle 2009). ‘Technology is the tool used to provide a facility for a teacher facilitated, learner centred environment’ (Bonanno, 2005). It is only through the many improvements and advances in technology that education has been so accessible and with it flexible learning has been implemented. Flexible learning has made education more accessible because, study is teacher facilitated and enables the student to be positioned as the central focus of education. According to Harmes there are many benefits of flexible learning, students are able to access their study any time they like, and this means that they are able to co-ordinate study around work and family life. The flexibility that technology provides has enabled students to study at their own pace (Andrews Ferman, 2001). Additionally students have a sense of freedom with their study, slotting it in whenever they please. Knowles (cited in Choy and Delahaye 2002) researched how adult learners are more likely to be motivated and experienced in life, and that they are ready to embrace learning with deeper appreciation and understanding. Knowles (1973) continues by discussing how this self-driven learning is assisted through flexible delivery and how students benefit from a mature independent approach to education with the option for teacher help when needed. As a result of this Bonanno suggests that with good self-discipline and time management students are able to have freedom and access to study anytime and place, thus enabling many styles of learning. Technology has increased the flexibility that students have, thus allowing greater access to education. Despite the fact that education has embraced technology, there are still some problems which must be resolved. According to Ralston (1999) it appears that although many have embraced technology for learning, there are still many who are either too afraid to or do not have the skills and confidence to do so. Furthermore he suggests that that those who do not attempt to engage technology will be severely disadvantaged, because the twenty-first century is the age of technology. Andrews and Ferman (2000) noted on their study of the University of Queensland, -Ipswich campus that many students found the course material limited, that there was a lack of structure, and there were also a significant number of technical difficulties. Additionally Bonanno (2005) discusses some of the disadvantages of technology and states that the learner can easily lose motivation partly due to a lack of classroom spirit and teacher facilitated learning. Technology can be out of date or difficult to understand and often it can be confusing and sometimes it can just be that there is no technical support available. Bonanno’s (2005) comments that many problems occurring are learner related and that in order to be successful the learner must be self-motivated and have a reasonable degree of self-competency. She also comments that the facilitator or teacher must be motivated as well and be able to produce engaging study material for the student to work with; they must also be able to direct, listen and support students. Despite some complications, changes in technology help to make sure education is more accessible and equitable. Universities are able to capture larger numbers of students enabling more funding from the government. Students are able to be in control of their own education pathway and are able to be flexible about when and where they choose to study. Students can also choose to study gregariously in online classrooms and even traditional classrooms. Problematic areas will in time be improved as technology upgrades on a daily basis; including faster internet options. With this evolving technology people’s knowledge and experience will increase and in time student numbers and study options will grow. It is realistic that flexible learning will be and indeed should be the way of the future in education and that there will be a worldwide classroom.

Foster Parents And Solution Focused Brief Therapy Social Work Essay Essay Example

Foster Parents And Solution Focused Brief Therapy Social Work Essay Essay Example Foster Parents And Solution Focused Brief Therapy Social Work Essay Essay Foster Parents And Solution Focused Brief Therapy Social Work Essay Essay Abstraction Approximately 60 per centum of kids populating in curative Foster attention, enter the system with a diagnosing of moderate to terrible mental wellness issues. These kids, placed in curative Foster places, can show riotous behaviours. Maladaptive get bying accomplishments on the portion of the kid or emphasis bring oning behaviours on the portion of the health professional can do a crises taking to possible remotion from the place. Solution focused brief therapy, could increase the quality of the relationship between surrogate parent and kid. Foster kids and parents can hold a disparity between the perceptual experience of a state of affairs and improper communicating of opposing positions may take to crisis. Exploitation tools and renters of solution focused brief therapy could diminish placement breaks. The intent of this article is to place common issues and challenges confronting surrogate parents and kids, and illustrations of intercessions utilizing solution based therapy. The strength-based intercessions, coupled with the current evidenced-based preparation, will diminish placement breaks, and increase the potency of successful passages from surrogate attention. The article will discourse current evidenced-based intercessions, and solution focused therapy as an extra curative attack. In this article, common issues and challenges confronting surrogate parents and kids are discussed ; and strengths and restrictions of implementing solution focused therapy techniques are explored. : Keywords: Curative Foster Care, Foster Parents, Foster Children, Solution Focused Brief Therapy, Training Foster Parents and Solution Focused Brief Therapy: An estimated 541,000 kids in America live in the Foster attention system today ( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010 ) . Residential intervention installations, psychiatric group places, and foster/ affinity attention comprise most of these out of place arrangements. Curative Foster Care, ( TFC ) is an extra type of out of place arrangement and is a specialised service designed to function kids with particular demands ( Berika, 1999 ) . These particular demands range from emotional, cognitive, and physical/medical and can function as a measure down between a residential intervention centre and Foster attention ( Strijker, Oijen, A ; Dickscheit, 2010 ) . Each specific type of out of place arrangement offers differences in the ends and maps of Foster attention and curative Foster attention are legion. Maltreated kids are placed in surrogate attention chiefly to have protection, and stableness. If the kid exhibits the demand for mental wellness or substance maltreatment therapy, the service is provided outside of the place ( Farmer, Mustillo, Burns, A ; Holden, 2008 ) . Transitioning statement from fc 2 tfc ( on the other manus ) Therapeutic Foster attention combines the construction of a residential intervention installation with the attention and protection of the place environment. Fifty nine per centum of kids come ining curative Foster attention address serious degrees of emotional behavioural issues ; and need rehabilitation ( Hochstadt, Jaudes, Zimo, A ; Schacter, 1987 ) . Curative intercessions take topographic point within the place, with the end of incorporating freshly acquired interpersonal accomplishments into the place environment, which are necessary for future household reunion. Multiple grounds exist easing the demand to put a kid outside of the place for intervention. Bad household factors include poorness, divorce within the immediate household, ( Williams at all, 1990 ) , biological parental mental unwellness, witnessing domestic force, and anterior captivities within the immediate household ( Johnson, 1989 ) . The inability or involuntariness of the primary health professional to care for the kid is extra grounds for biological parental rights expiration ( Pecora, White, Jackson, A ; Wiggins, 2009 ) . Alternatively, the kid may hold been removed from the place due to pretermit or hapless parenting. Substance maltreatment by the biological parents, or even the immature individual themselves, are extra factors in the determination to take the kid from the biological place. Therefore, due to legion grounds, the young person may hold trouble acclimatizing to new life state of affairss. Children placed in curative Foster attention tend to exhibit hapless get bying accomplishments, low defeat tolerance, and projecting upsets such as Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Fiegelman A ; Harrington, 1993 ) . The behaviours that accompany such projecting upsets may do foster parents to see empathy weariness ( Lipscome, Moyers, A ; Farmer, 2004 ) . Empathy weariness is a prima cause for which a Foster parent decides to give up the Foster kid ( Parker, 2009 ) . This is known as a placement break or the kid s unscheduled remotion from the Foster place for good. Numerous publications study findings, that arrangement break has a damaging consequence on surrogate kids. The American Academy of Pediatrics reported placement break, Hinders the development and mending procedure of kids ( American Academy of paediatricss 2000 ) . Placement break jeopardizes the chance for kids to develop trusting and unafraid relationships with grownups ( Robertson, 1989 ) . The act of dividing a kid from biological households induces feelings of rejection, guilt, forsaking, and shame, ( Garland et al. , 2000, Simm at el 2000 ) regardless of the ground. Multiple arrangements before the age of 14 are associated with higher rates of delinquency in young persons . Recent surveies show a relationship between surrogate child arrangement break and the addition of surrogate attention alumnas homelessness, captivity, and victimization. ( Courtney, Dworsky, Lee, A ; Raap, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to the Midwest Evaluation of Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth, Far excessively many surrogate young person are non geting the life accomplishments or developing the interpersonal connexions they need if they are to go productive immature grownups ( Midwest Evaluation of Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth, 2010 ) . Foster parents are to supply a safe and nurturing place, which will transfuse interpersonal communicating and effectual life accomplishments to youth. The constitution of the connexion between the surrogate parent and the surrogate kid demands is critical due to beliefs that Foster parents would profit from the usage of solution focused based curative techniques with the Foster kid as these techniques provide____________________________________ . Multiple preparation plans have attempted to integrate these accomplishments within the juvenile s day-to-day modus operandi ( Price, Chamberlain, Landsverk, Reid, Leve, A ; Laurent, 2008 ) . LIST PREVIOUS MODLES Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care is a strengths-based intercession advancing kid and adolescent resilience in young person exposed to early hardship . Application of MTFC within a intervention Foster attention place employs a point and degree privilege system. Multiple surveies show the effectivity of utilizing a reward degree plan ( Fisher Chamberlain A ; Leve 2009 ) . A 2nd intercession theoretical account, which is a modified version of the multidimensional intervention Foster attention intercession designed for younger kids is called maintaining surrogate parents trained and supported ( Price, Chamberlain, Landsverk A ; Reid, 2009 ) . Other theoretical accounts of deserving mentioning. When a kid faces the instability of arrangement break, they do non hold a consistent environment where they feel safe to maturate ; alternatively, they must re-adapt the new life state of affairs. We suggest following the renters and techniques of solution focused brief therapy in add-on to the aforesaid surrogate parent preparation will increase placement stableness. Training the Foster parents in solution focused therapy techniques we believe they will help the young person in going solution oriented. This new set of accomplishments taught to the kid, by the Foster parent has the possible to increase the surrogate kid s quality of life by diminishing placement breaks. Solution focused therapy lends itself good as an extra component preparation of surrogate parents. Through a inquiry and reply conversation, it enables the surrogate parent to see the position of a given state of affairs through the eyes of the kid. Solution focused brief therapy is strengths-based and future oriented, while still formalizing the individual s experience ( Littrell, 2006 ) . Major renters of this theory are ( a. ) alteration is changeless ( B. ) there is ever an exclusion to the job ( c. ) there are many ways of looking at a state of affairs, all every bit of import ( Bannink, 2006/2010 ) . It brings little successes to the kid or surrogate parents consciousness, and assists them in going solution oriented. This article will discourse several solutions focused based therapy techniques with illustrations of their application. Scaling inquiries, including what identifies and increase or diminish of one point and the application will be discussed. Coping inquiries, which illuminates the health professionals and surrogate kid s strengths, will be investigated. The usage of linguistic communication tool statements, such as You must hold had a ground to , will be explored. The designation of the kid s resources both internal and external will besides be examined with illustrations exemplifying the application. The execution of solution-focused therapy to increase Foster attention arrangement stableness has been used in residential curative intervention installations. In a recent survey it was found during the first twelvemonth of intervention, the young person were counseled utilizing the techniques of Cognitive behavioural therapy. In the 2nd twelvemonth they were counseled utilizing solution focused brief therapy. It was discovered, the figure of breaks from these young persons decreased from average bing 6.29 ( standard divergence bing 3.6 ) to intend peers 1.45 ( standard divergence.68 ) , P lt ; 001. Statistics show when used with displaced kids solution focused brief therapy has the possible to diminish behavioural breaks ( . It is our belief utilizing solution focused brief therapy techniques will increase interpersonal communicating accomplishments and problem-solving accomplishments of these young person. It is besides our belief that utilizing solution focused brief therapy tech niques in concurrence with proved developing plans will diminish placement break and in bend decrease the negative social effects of placement break. In this article, we will discourse assorted emotional wellness rehabilitation demands of surrogate kids referred to curative Foster attention. A concise geographic expedition of current evidence-based curative Foster parent preparation theoretical accounts foregrounding their strengths and failings will take topographic point. The nucleus renters of solution focused brief therapy will be explored with the purpose intent of placing specific intercessions for usage with this population. Furthermore, illustrations of the preferable intercession techniques of solution focused brief therapy will be provided. Finally, the strengths and restrictions of utilizing solution focused brief therapy with this population will be discussed with suggestions for farther research. I. Socioeconomic branchings of child ill-treatment. Neglecting the curative Foster attention populations has a enfeebling consequence on the economic system. Homelessness ( look into tense and safe assign ) In surveies focused on homelessness in maturity, arrangement in surrogate attention in childhood or adolescence often emerges as a hazard factor. { { 57 Fowler, P.J. 2009 ; } } For illustration a survey conducted by the Casey Institute showed within a two twelvemonth period shows homelessness for surrogate alumnas exceeded 12. % , which is the rate for a individual episode of homelessness amid US grownups. One fifth of the striplings taking portion in the survey experienced chronic homelessness. { { 86 Anonymous ; } } Homelessness in adolescence and immature maturity has been shown to be associated with elevated hazards of a figure of negative results. { { 57 Fowler, P.J. 2009 ; } } These services need to get down before, to be extended to all eligible kids in Foster attention, and to stay available until former Foster attention young person have attained stableness as immature grownups ( Kushel et al. , 2007 ; Pecora et al. , 2006 ) . Research findings indicate that services need to get down early when a household foremost arrives at a shelter or the kid first enters foster attention, peculiarly since early intercession for immature kids can cut down the magnitude of injury and subsequent jobs later in life { { 80 Dozier M Higley E Albus, K Nutter A. ( 2002 ) ; } } Housing instability was related to emotional and behavioural jobs, physical and sexual victimization, condemnable strong belief, and high school dropout. From this information Fowler concluded striplings transitioning from surrogate attention are at well higher hazard of homelessness { { 57 Fowler, P.J. 2009 ; } } A.1 Maltreatment taking to out of place arrangement Sixty four per centum of instances involved in the kid public assistance system are due to parental disregard. Failure to go to to the kid s physical, emotional, or educational demands may do terrible, long term psychological challenges. Domestic force in the kid s presence ; familial substance usage that interferes with rearing abilities, Physical maltreatment ( 16 % ) , sexual maltreatment ( 9 % ) , and psychological ill-treatment ( 7 % ) are other grounds kids are reported to child public assistance. ( { { 72 Leve, L.D. 2009 ; } } B. Needs of Those in Therapeutic Foster Care Features of Those in Foster Care Social and Academic Health Children involved in the Foster attention system are at a higher hazard of low academic public presentation and school failure. Children confronting challenges, normally present with psychosocial jobs at a well increased rate than the general population. These scope from impulse control, to Attention shortage hyperactivity upset, to carry on upsets which maturate during immature grownup goon and beyond. Children who fail to develop successful equal dealingss during school entry are at increased hazard for behavior jobs, peer rejection, and academic failure throughout childhood and adolescence { { 91 Anonymous 2001 ; 24 Egelund, Tine 2009 ; } } emotional and behavioural jobs, exposure to physical and sexual maltreatment, adolescent gestation, captivity and high school dropout. { { 57 Fowler, P.J. 2009 ; } } A preponderance of kids in the public assistance system have been identified as sing cognitive holds as evidenced by the Denver Developmental Screening Test II { { 91 Anonymous 2001 ; } } . This is the most widely used psychometric trial utilized for this immature population. Early behaviour jobs among kids placed in Foster attention have predicted delinquency, substance usage, and sexual behaviour 6 old ages subsequently { { 62 Linares, L.O. 2006 } } Medical and Physical wellness The gravitation and extent of the wellness attention jobs confronting abused and ignored kids are genuinely alarming.A Specified implicit in neurobiological systems are influenced by types of hardship witnessed by kids in the system addition hazard for negative results. These include common childhood diagnosing are at uncommon degrees such as ADHD, riotous behaviour, anxiousness, and affectional upsets. { { 72 Leve, L.D. 2009 } } Surveies observed increased displacements in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPA Axis, a endocrine affected by hydrocortisone instabilities. This endocrine controls reactions to emphasis and has been discovered among kids sing emphasis in Foster attention. Increased untypical diurnal hydrocortisone degrees { { 74 Pears, K.C. 2008 ; } } are known to be higher particularly among immature female kids who have experienced biological health professional neglect { { 70 Fisher, P.A. 2007 ; } } . Similar to the HPA axis surveies, jobs with executive operation are more common in surrogate kids than in the general population { { 74 Pears, K.C. 2008 ; } } . However curative intercessions designed for surrogate kids may positively impact the HPA axis activity as it has been noted diminishing emphasis decreases the degrees of hydrocortisone { { 70 Fisher, P.A. 2007 ; } } . ( More research needs done ) Fisher Suggests intercessions which decrease emphasis degrees of younger juveniles in out of place arrangements may bring forth increased outcomes on the societal cognitive degree and increase the operation of an neurobiological systems. { { 95 Fisher, P.A. 2008 ; } } { { 72 Leve, L.D. 2009 } } d. REHABILITATION NEEDS OF CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE: EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS Evidence-based intercessions were formed and assessed to oversee the psychological and physical public assistance of kids in Foster attention. Stress bring oning behaviour on the portion of the parent can do riotous behaviour in the Foster kid which leads to early expiration from the place. Maladaptive get bying accomplishments of the kid that have nt been rectified affect the kid s relationship with their health professional and over clip start to give negative intensions to authorization figures. Implementing the intercessions has shown a lessening in the demand for immaterial mental and physical wellness attention by increasing the chance of achieving placement stableness. Interventions must aim immature people while they are still in surrogate attention, before the age of 17 old ages, to guarantee connexion to services such as tuition aid, employment preparation, and wellness insurance. { { 57 Fowler, P.J. 2009 ; } } Models MTFC The MTFC theoretical account acknowledges and identifies the affect of emotional adversities on the physical and psychological missing word of the Foster attention population. It originated in 1983 in response to an Oregon State petition for proposals from the juvenile justness system to develop community-based options to captivity for adolescent arrangements in residential/group attention. ( Leve,2009 ) This theoretical account gives an grounds based solution to beef up the self-pride of the surrogate kids and learn them resilience to better behavioural jobs. Additionally, consistent with research on resilience, the theoretical account now incorporates cardinal positive person and interpersonal relationships, adaptative neurobiological operation, and adaptative societal behaviour. ( Leve, 2009 ) How it works The MTFC intercession Teachs caregivers how to give positive mentoring, better parental accomplishments and the importance of consistence through preparation, supervising and the indorsement of a accomplishments manager. MTFC was selected by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention ( Elliott, 1998 ) as 1 of 10 evidence-based National Blueprints Programs ; was selected as 1 of 9 National Exemplary Safe, Disciplined, and Drug-Free Schools theoretical account plans ; was highlighted in 2 U.S. Surgeon General studies ( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000a, 2000b ) ( Leve,2009 ) These studies recorded authorities nest eggs, showed betterment of behaviour in kid, and helped emphasize degree of health professional. State Public Policy group reported a $ 32,915 cost nest eggs in 2006 to taxpayers for each ( Leve,2009 ) In order for the intercession to be effectual, the Foster kid demands positive support, single and household therapy, along with societal accom plishments and academic mentoring. The squad The accomplishments manager is conditioned to concentrate on good accomplishments and actions instead than past behaviours or debatable state of affairss. The surrogate parents and plan supervisor work together to carefully supervise youth accommodation in the schoolroom. ( Leve,2009 ) Classroom observations and ratings allow the health professional to measure behavioural alterations without inordinate sums of external influences in a impersonal scene. These health professionals are taught to utilize the same inducements or point systems employed in the Foster place to supply positive feedback and brief, non-emotional effects for job behaviour. ( Leve,2009 ) The consistence from one environment to another eases the passage procedure for the Foster kid. Positive results, including the likeliness of accomplishing permanence ( this consequence is peculiarly marked for kids who have had multiple anterior Foster arrangement failures ) , kids s fond regard to health professionals, foster-p arent emphasis degrees, older kids s delinquency and antisocial behaviour, engagement in school and subsequent clip incarcerated. ( Fisher P.A. 2009 )