Why is old world wine dropping down in uk Essay - 3

Why is old world wine dropping down in uk - Essay Example During the same period the author find that the New World wine has grown by 3.4%, whereas Old World wine has lost the market share by around 2%. xliv The wine market in UK has been the central hub of wine collection from all over the world. Until recently the Old World economies have been leading in the UK wine market for supplying the classic wines. However, with the emergence of the New World wine producers offering a huge array of wine to choose from along with aggressive promotional strategies have overpoweringly grabbed the market from the hands of the Old World wine manufacturers. The Old World countries like France which used to enjoy monopoly for decades in exporting its tradition-rich wines to the UK markets are now being dominated by the New World economies like Australia with incredible marketing techniques. Factors like poor branding, restricted labelling, inconsistent quality and inept promotional strategy have together led to the decline of the Old World wine producers in the UK wine market. To combat this severe threat an intensive reviewing of attitudes towards brands is exactly what is required for the Old World wine producers to recapture the wine market in UK from the hands of the New Wold wine manufacturers. Understanding the consumers’ needs in today’s modern wine market, adopting clear labelling, recognizing the increasingly stylish wine supply chain, filling the huge information gaps is exactly what is required from the manufacturers of Old World wines. Hence, it is only through the union of innumerable small Old World wine producers reviewing their entire branding strategy that the possibility of their sustainability in the UK wine market prevails. Various European wine producing economies are undergoing tough times in UK wine market (Harrop, 2006). France, Spain, Italy and Portugal, the leading wine producers of the world are gradually losing their

Elevator Failures in Housing for the Elderly Essay Example for Free

Elevator Failures in Housing for the Elderly Essay The advent of multi-stored housing apartments that can be of up to 30 stores imply that any one who has a problem standing or being in elevators for a long time may be forced to seek alternatives which in most cases are non existent. However, the use of elevators should not have been a worry if only they were well functioning and regularly serviced (Fernandez 2008). According to residents, taking a lift is a risk in that they are prone to breakdowns and in most cases it is only one of the up to four lifts that is functional (Fernandez 2008). Some buildings have elevators that breakdown so often that one would rather do without them. The elderly due to their reduced performance are worst affected by the problem; most of them have health problems that do not allow for strenuous activities like walking up storied building (Fernandez 2008). According to a resident at Kingsborough apartment, the problem is compounded by the slowness with which mechanics respond in cases of emergencies (Fernandez 2008). Mechanics take up to nine hours to respond to cases of emergency regarding elevators. Some residents have lost their limbs in efforts to escape from jammed lifts while the loss of time that elevator complications lead to cannot be quantified (Fernandez 2008). Others have lost their lives trying to escape the confines of jammed elevators. Though residences fail elevator inspection test, nothing is being done about the failures; the death of an 89 year old woman which is partly blamed on elevator failure has not even raised concern on the issue (Fernandez 2008). Being stuck in elevators for up to 20 minutes an hour is common and most folks casually chat about it (Fernandez 2008). 151 elevators failures were recorded by Kingsborough extensions in 2007-2008; a record breaking figure for a housing development for the elderly (Fernandez 2008).

Dinosaur Fossils in Antarctica :: Anthropology Essays Paleontology Papers

Dinosaur Fossils in Antarctica Millions and millions of years ago the continents lay together as one super-continent known as Pangea. As time went on and the plates underneath the Earth began to separate, the continents land moved towards the poles where glaciation occurred. Glaciation is the process in which glaciers were formed during the ice age. Glaciation causes a drop in temperature which in turn causes water to freeze and form many layers of ice (http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Permian/intro.html, 1). Due to this layering of ice that has occurred at both poles it has not been easy to discover new dinosaur fossils. However, in a press release of the National Science Foundation researchers, working in two distinct sites of Antarctica found what seem to be fossil remains of two different dinosaurs that had previously never been introduced to the world of science (http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/newsroom/pr.cfm?ni=52, 1). The two different dinosaurs were found in opposite areas of Antarctica. The first dinosaur found was uncovered on the James Ross Island off the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula while the second dinosaur was discovered on the Antarctic interior on a mountain elevating nearly 3900 meters near the Beardmore Glacier. The discovery of these two dinosaurs was important for a couple reasons. First off, dealing with the dinosaur carnivorous dinosaur found off the James Ross Island the discovery was important was because not many dinosaurs from the Cretaceous Time Period had been uncovered in Antarctica. The second reason the finding of this fossil was important was because in the James Ross region of the Antarctic Peninsula there had previously only been six uncovered dinosaur fossils and this finding adds to that number. Lastly, it is a very uncommon to find a dinosaur that was so well preserved considering it died roughly 70 million years ago. In order for it to be in such good shap e it had to float out to sea and lie in the bottom of what was then an extremely shallow part of the Weddell Sea (www.sciencedaily.com, 2). When it comes to the plant-eating dinosaur found on the interior of Antarctica the discovery of this dinosaur was also important because of its rarity. William Hammer, who led the research team said from Augustana College in Rock Island, Illinois said, â€Å"This site is so far removed geographically from any site near its age, it’s clearly a new dinosaur to Antarctica.

The Aristocrat :: essays research papers

Word choice and diction are key elements in expression of one's emotions and character. In the short exerpt from Maya Angelou's I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, entitled, "The Aristocrat," the association of language and character is made clear. Language is used to express feelings, instill emotions in others, and separate classes of people. Language is a key element in the expression of oneself. 	The use of language and tones is what expresses feelings from one individual. During a conversation with Mrs. Flowers, Mrs. Henderson states that she only does what she does sowell with the help of the lord (163). The way she says this shows her faith. It also revealsthe pride she has with her work, deeming it worthy of the creator. Also, when Mrs. Flowers is having a conversation with Marguerite about words, she states, "It takes the human voice to infuse them with shades of deeper meaning" (163). This means that the words themselves are important, but not as important as the voice behind them. Words alone contain literal and figurative meanings, but these meanings can be more easily understood with the human understandings of voice tones. Finally, after Mrs. Flowers reads the beginning of A Tale of Two Cities aloud with all the emotions of her spoken words, the only way Marguerite can respond is with a, "Yes Ma'am" (164). This shows that she is confused. Short phrases in response to long, heart filled elegies display one's confusion and awe-struck nature. Language, in terms of both the spoken and written word, has the power to awaken emotions in readers and listeners. For instance, Marguerite mentions that often her mother would refer to Mrs. Flowers with familiar terms such as "sister" (161) in a way that made her want to hide her face in shame. This is an indication that the way her mother used her language to address others was an embarrassment to Marguerite. This is one emotion associated with how others speak. Later, the narrator mentions how her mother had a tendency to misuse her vowels around Mrs. Flowers in a way that aggravated and actually angered Marguerite (162). This shows that the way her mother talked embued the narrator with anger. Since anger and frustration are the natural companions of embarrassment, it was more than likely that the speaker in this story would feel those accompanying emotions. Finally, after a command by Mrs.

Flexible Learning Essay

Education is a broadly debated topic, now there is a new concept emerging, ’flexible learning’. This essay will discuss what is understood by this term and how it could affect the way of the future in education. Furthermore it will discuss how flexible learning has engaged technology and how it has made education more accessible and equitable. Next it will demonstrate how individual students have benefited through the use of technology with flexible learning, and how students are able to be the central focus of their own education. Technology brings with it many advantages for the future of education, however not without some setbacks, this essay will also discuss these. This essay will argue that because of the increasing accessibility and improvements in technology, flexible learning should be the way of the future in education. Flexible learning is quickly becoming the way of the future for education, as it engages and implements the use of sophisticated technology. According to George and Luke (cited in Andrews & Ferman 2001) flexible learning is a multi-directional approach to learning using different methods of delivery. On the other hand, Nunan (cited in Andrews & Ferman 2001, p. 2) considers that ‘flexible delivery is often taken to mean the same thing as increasing flexibility in learning’. Summarising Harmes (2010) explains flexible learning engages technology, allowing the use of the internet, e-mail, and other digital interactive technology. It also allows the student to freely access online lectures and study material and more importantly it enables teachers to position the student as the central focus of the learning experience. This can be seen at universities including the relatively new University of Queensland campus at Ipswich who are using technology to promote flexible learning. It was in fact the purpose built with this in mind; and included computer rooms, a self-directed learning centre and even wireless laptops (Andrews&Ferman 2001). Another example of flexible learning is discussed by Huijser, Bedford and Bull (2008) who describe the Tertiary Preparation Program (TPP); this is a course which is accessed online and on-campus. TPP students can engage in online lectures, Wimba classrooms and forums, study material can also be submitted online and feedback returned to student, again online. Using technology students have engaged in flexible learning all over Australia, including international students. Furthermore TPP is currently funded by the government making it free; this allows students to prepare for higher study prior to investment. The outcome of this should be a higher intake of fee paying students, which in turn should lead to increased government funding for universities. Flexible learning through technology has made education more accessible and therefore equitable. Harmes (2010) discusses how the internet has increased the number of students to able to study degrees through online study material and lectures. As a result of technological advances the world has become a â€Å"global village â€Å"and students can participate in a global classroom. Worldwide opportunities using technology and flexible learning should be funded locally (Zhao 2009). Ultimately this will enable there to be proximity through distance, and will allow students to study anytime and anywhere, thus making education more equitable explains Harmes (2010). There are students from as far away as remote Western Australia studying through the University of Southern Queensland (USQ). They are able to access all the lectures and tutorials online, and USQ plans to offer many more academic programs online by 2012 (The Chronicle 2009). ‘Technology is the tool used to provide a facility for a teacher facilitated, learner centred environment’ (Bonanno, 2005). It is only through the many improvements and advances in technology that education has been so accessible and with it flexible learning has been implemented. Flexible learning has made education more accessible because, study is teacher facilitated and enables the student to be positioned as the central focus of education. According to Harmes there are many benefits of flexible learning, students are able to access their study any time they like, and this means that they are able to co-ordinate study around work and family life. The flexibility that technology provides has enabled students to study at their own pace (Andrews Ferman, 2001). Additionally students have a sense of freedom with their study, slotting it in whenever they please. Knowles (cited in Choy and Delahaye 2002) researched how adult learners are more likely to be motivated and experienced in life, and that they are ready to embrace learning with deeper appreciation and understanding. Knowles (1973) continues by discussing how this self-driven learning is assisted through flexible delivery and how students benefit from a mature independent approach to education with the option for teacher help when needed. As a result of this Bonanno suggests that with good self-discipline and time management students are able to have freedom and access to study anytime and place, thus enabling many styles of learning. Technology has increased the flexibility that students have, thus allowing greater access to education. Despite the fact that education has embraced technology, there are still some problems which must be resolved. According to Ralston (1999) it appears that although many have embraced technology for learning, there are still many who are either too afraid to or do not have the skills and confidence to do so. Furthermore he suggests that that those who do not attempt to engage technology will be severely disadvantaged, because the twenty-first century is the age of technology. Andrews and Ferman (2000) noted on their study of the University of Queensland, -Ipswich campus that many students found the course material limited, that there was a lack of structure, and there were also a significant number of technical difficulties. Additionally Bonanno (2005) discusses some of the disadvantages of technology and states that the learner can easily lose motivation partly due to a lack of classroom spirit and teacher facilitated learning. Technology can be out of date or difficult to understand and often it can be confusing and sometimes it can just be that there is no technical support available. Bonanno’s (2005) comments that many problems occurring are learner related and that in order to be successful the learner must be self-motivated and have a reasonable degree of self-competency. She also comments that the facilitator or teacher must be motivated as well and be able to produce engaging study material for the student to work with; they must also be able to direct, listen and support students. Despite some complications, changes in technology help to make sure education is more accessible and equitable. Universities are able to capture larger numbers of students enabling more funding from the government. Students are able to be in control of their own education pathway and are able to be flexible about when and where they choose to study. Students can also choose to study gregariously in online classrooms and even traditional classrooms. Problematic areas will in time be improved as technology upgrades on a daily basis; including faster internet options. With this evolving technology people’s knowledge and experience will increase and in time student numbers and study options will grow. It is realistic that flexible learning will be and indeed should be the way of the future in education and that there will be a worldwide classroom.

Foster Parents And Solution Focused Brief Therapy Social Work Essay Essay Example

Foster Parents And Solution Focused Brief Therapy Social Work Essay Essay Example Foster Parents And Solution Focused Brief Therapy Social Work Essay Essay Foster Parents And Solution Focused Brief Therapy Social Work Essay Essay Abstraction Approximately 60 per centum of kids populating in curative Foster attention, enter the system with a diagnosing of moderate to terrible mental wellness issues. These kids, placed in curative Foster places, can show riotous behaviours. Maladaptive get bying accomplishments on the portion of the kid or emphasis bring oning behaviours on the portion of the health professional can do a crises taking to possible remotion from the place. Solution focused brief therapy, could increase the quality of the relationship between surrogate parent and kid. Foster kids and parents can hold a disparity between the perceptual experience of a state of affairs and improper communicating of opposing positions may take to crisis. Exploitation tools and renters of solution focused brief therapy could diminish placement breaks. The intent of this article is to place common issues and challenges confronting surrogate parents and kids, and illustrations of intercessions utilizing solution based therapy. The strength-based intercessions, coupled with the current evidenced-based preparation, will diminish placement breaks, and increase the potency of successful passages from surrogate attention. The article will discourse current evidenced-based intercessions, and solution focused therapy as an extra curative attack. In this article, common issues and challenges confronting surrogate parents and kids are discussed ; and strengths and restrictions of implementing solution focused therapy techniques are explored. : Keywords: Curative Foster Care, Foster Parents, Foster Children, Solution Focused Brief Therapy, Training Foster Parents and Solution Focused Brief Therapy: An estimated 541,000 kids in America live in the Foster attention system today ( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010 ) . Residential intervention installations, psychiatric group places, and foster/ affinity attention comprise most of these out of place arrangements. Curative Foster Care, ( TFC ) is an extra type of out of place arrangement and is a specialised service designed to function kids with particular demands ( Berika, 1999 ) . These particular demands range from emotional, cognitive, and physical/medical and can function as a measure down between a residential intervention centre and Foster attention ( Strijker, Oijen, A ; Dickscheit, 2010 ) . Each specific type of out of place arrangement offers differences in the ends and maps of Foster attention and curative Foster attention are legion. Maltreated kids are placed in surrogate attention chiefly to have protection, and stableness. If the kid exhibits the demand for mental wellness or substance maltreatment therapy, the service is provided outside of the place ( Farmer, Mustillo, Burns, A ; Holden, 2008 ) . Transitioning statement from fc 2 tfc ( on the other manus ) Therapeutic Foster attention combines the construction of a residential intervention installation with the attention and protection of the place environment. Fifty nine per centum of kids come ining curative Foster attention address serious degrees of emotional behavioural issues ; and need rehabilitation ( Hochstadt, Jaudes, Zimo, A ; Schacter, 1987 ) . Curative intercessions take topographic point within the place, with the end of incorporating freshly acquired interpersonal accomplishments into the place environment, which are necessary for future household reunion. Multiple grounds exist easing the demand to put a kid outside of the place for intervention. Bad household factors include poorness, divorce within the immediate household, ( Williams at all, 1990 ) , biological parental mental unwellness, witnessing domestic force, and anterior captivities within the immediate household ( Johnson, 1989 ) . The inability or involuntariness of the primary health professional to care for the kid is extra grounds for biological parental rights expiration ( Pecora, White, Jackson, A ; Wiggins, 2009 ) . Alternatively, the kid may hold been removed from the place due to pretermit or hapless parenting. Substance maltreatment by the biological parents, or even the immature individual themselves, are extra factors in the determination to take the kid from the biological place. Therefore, due to legion grounds, the young person may hold trouble acclimatizing to new life state of affairss. Children placed in curative Foster attention tend to exhibit hapless get bying accomplishments, low defeat tolerance, and projecting upsets such as Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Fiegelman A ; Harrington, 1993 ) . The behaviours that accompany such projecting upsets may do foster parents to see empathy weariness ( Lipscome, Moyers, A ; Farmer, 2004 ) . Empathy weariness is a prima cause for which a Foster parent decides to give up the Foster kid ( Parker, 2009 ) . This is known as a placement break or the kid s unscheduled remotion from the Foster place for good. Numerous publications study findings, that arrangement break has a damaging consequence on surrogate kids. The American Academy of Pediatrics reported placement break, Hinders the development and mending procedure of kids ( American Academy of paediatricss 2000 ) . Placement break jeopardizes the chance for kids to develop trusting and unafraid relationships with grownups ( Robertson, 1989 ) . The act of dividing a kid from biological households induces feelings of rejection, guilt, forsaking, and shame, ( Garland et al. , 2000, Simm at el 2000 ) regardless of the ground. Multiple arrangements before the age of 14 are associated with higher rates of delinquency in young persons . Recent surveies show a relationship between surrogate child arrangement break and the addition of surrogate attention alumnas homelessness, captivity, and victimization. ( Courtney, Dworsky, Lee, A ; Raap, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to the Midwest Evaluation of Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth, Far excessively many surrogate young person are non geting the life accomplishments or developing the interpersonal connexions they need if they are to go productive immature grownups ( Midwest Evaluation of Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth, 2010 ) . Foster parents are to supply a safe and nurturing place, which will transfuse interpersonal communicating and effectual life accomplishments to youth. The constitution of the connexion between the surrogate parent and the surrogate kid demands is critical due to beliefs that Foster parents would profit from the usage of solution focused based curative techniques with the Foster kid as these techniques provide____________________________________ . Multiple preparation plans have attempted to integrate these accomplishments within the juvenile s day-to-day modus operandi ( Price, Chamberlain, Landsverk, Reid, Leve, A ; Laurent, 2008 ) . LIST PREVIOUS MODLES Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care is a strengths-based intercession advancing kid and adolescent resilience in young person exposed to early hardship . Application of MTFC within a intervention Foster attention place employs a point and degree privilege system. Multiple surveies show the effectivity of utilizing a reward degree plan ( Fisher Chamberlain A ; Leve 2009 ) . A 2nd intercession theoretical account, which is a modified version of the multidimensional intervention Foster attention intercession designed for younger kids is called maintaining surrogate parents trained and supported ( Price, Chamberlain, Landsverk A ; Reid, 2009 ) . Other theoretical accounts of deserving mentioning. When a kid faces the instability of arrangement break, they do non hold a consistent environment where they feel safe to maturate ; alternatively, they must re-adapt the new life state of affairs. We suggest following the renters and techniques of solution focused brief therapy in add-on to the aforesaid surrogate parent preparation will increase placement stableness. Training the Foster parents in solution focused therapy techniques we believe they will help the young person in going solution oriented. This new set of accomplishments taught to the kid, by the Foster parent has the possible to increase the surrogate kid s quality of life by diminishing placement breaks. Solution focused therapy lends itself good as an extra component preparation of surrogate parents. Through a inquiry and reply conversation, it enables the surrogate parent to see the position of a given state of affairs through the eyes of the kid. Solution focused brief therapy is strengths-based and future oriented, while still formalizing the individual s experience ( Littrell, 2006 ) . Major renters of this theory are ( a. ) alteration is changeless ( B. ) there is ever an exclusion to the job ( c. ) there are many ways of looking at a state of affairs, all every bit of import ( Bannink, 2006/2010 ) . It brings little successes to the kid or surrogate parents consciousness, and assists them in going solution oriented. This article will discourse several solutions focused based therapy techniques with illustrations of their application. Scaling inquiries, including what identifies and increase or diminish of one point and the application will be discussed. Coping inquiries, which illuminates the health professionals and surrogate kid s strengths, will be investigated. The usage of linguistic communication tool statements, such as You must hold had a ground to , will be explored. The designation of the kid s resources both internal and external will besides be examined with illustrations exemplifying the application. The execution of solution-focused therapy to increase Foster attention arrangement stableness has been used in residential curative intervention installations. In a recent survey it was found during the first twelvemonth of intervention, the young person were counseled utilizing the techniques of Cognitive behavioural therapy. In the 2nd twelvemonth they were counseled utilizing solution focused brief therapy. It was discovered, the figure of breaks from these young persons decreased from average bing 6.29 ( standard divergence bing 3.6 ) to intend peers 1.45 ( standard divergence.68 ) , P lt ; 001. Statistics show when used with displaced kids solution focused brief therapy has the possible to diminish behavioural breaks ( . It is our belief utilizing solution focused brief therapy techniques will increase interpersonal communicating accomplishments and problem-solving accomplishments of these young person. It is besides our belief that utilizing solution focused brief therapy tech niques in concurrence with proved developing plans will diminish placement break and in bend decrease the negative social effects of placement break. In this article, we will discourse assorted emotional wellness rehabilitation demands of surrogate kids referred to curative Foster attention. A concise geographic expedition of current evidence-based curative Foster parent preparation theoretical accounts foregrounding their strengths and failings will take topographic point. The nucleus renters of solution focused brief therapy will be explored with the purpose intent of placing specific intercessions for usage with this population. Furthermore, illustrations of the preferable intercession techniques of solution focused brief therapy will be provided. Finally, the strengths and restrictions of utilizing solution focused brief therapy with this population will be discussed with suggestions for farther research. I. Socioeconomic branchings of child ill-treatment. Neglecting the curative Foster attention populations has a enfeebling consequence on the economic system. Homelessness ( look into tense and safe assign ) In surveies focused on homelessness in maturity, arrangement in surrogate attention in childhood or adolescence often emerges as a hazard factor. { { 57 Fowler, P.J. 2009 ; } } For illustration a survey conducted by the Casey Institute showed within a two twelvemonth period shows homelessness for surrogate alumnas exceeded 12. % , which is the rate for a individual episode of homelessness amid US grownups. One fifth of the striplings taking portion in the survey experienced chronic homelessness. { { 86 Anonymous ; } } Homelessness in adolescence and immature maturity has been shown to be associated with elevated hazards of a figure of negative results. { { 57 Fowler, P.J. 2009 ; } } These services need to get down before, to be extended to all eligible kids in Foster attention, and to stay available until former Foster attention young person have attained stableness as immature grownups ( Kushel et al. , 2007 ; Pecora et al. , 2006 ) . Research findings indicate that services need to get down early when a household foremost arrives at a shelter or the kid first enters foster attention, peculiarly since early intercession for immature kids can cut down the magnitude of injury and subsequent jobs later in life { { 80 Dozier M Higley E Albus, K Nutter A. ( 2002 ) ; } } Housing instability was related to emotional and behavioural jobs, physical and sexual victimization, condemnable strong belief, and high school dropout. From this information Fowler concluded striplings transitioning from surrogate attention are at well higher hazard of homelessness { { 57 Fowler, P.J. 2009 ; } } A.1 Maltreatment taking to out of place arrangement Sixty four per centum of instances involved in the kid public assistance system are due to parental disregard. Failure to go to to the kid s physical, emotional, or educational demands may do terrible, long term psychological challenges. Domestic force in the kid s presence ; familial substance usage that interferes with rearing abilities, Physical maltreatment ( 16 % ) , sexual maltreatment ( 9 % ) , and psychological ill-treatment ( 7 % ) are other grounds kids are reported to child public assistance. ( { { 72 Leve, L.D. 2009 ; } } B. Needs of Those in Therapeutic Foster Care Features of Those in Foster Care Social and Academic Health Children involved in the Foster attention system are at a higher hazard of low academic public presentation and school failure. Children confronting challenges, normally present with psychosocial jobs at a well increased rate than the general population. These scope from impulse control, to Attention shortage hyperactivity upset, to carry on upsets which maturate during immature grownup goon and beyond. Children who fail to develop successful equal dealingss during school entry are at increased hazard for behavior jobs, peer rejection, and academic failure throughout childhood and adolescence { { 91 Anonymous 2001 ; 24 Egelund, Tine 2009 ; } } emotional and behavioural jobs, exposure to physical and sexual maltreatment, adolescent gestation, captivity and high school dropout. { { 57 Fowler, P.J. 2009 ; } } A preponderance of kids in the public assistance system have been identified as sing cognitive holds as evidenced by the Denver Developmental Screening Test II { { 91 Anonymous 2001 ; } } . This is the most widely used psychometric trial utilized for this immature population. Early behaviour jobs among kids placed in Foster attention have predicted delinquency, substance usage, and sexual behaviour 6 old ages subsequently { { 62 Linares, L.O. 2006 } } Medical and Physical wellness The gravitation and extent of the wellness attention jobs confronting abused and ignored kids are genuinely alarming.A Specified implicit in neurobiological systems are influenced by types of hardship witnessed by kids in the system addition hazard for negative results. These include common childhood diagnosing are at uncommon degrees such as ADHD, riotous behaviour, anxiousness, and affectional upsets. { { 72 Leve, L.D. 2009 } } Surveies observed increased displacements in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal HPA Axis, a endocrine affected by hydrocortisone instabilities. This endocrine controls reactions to emphasis and has been discovered among kids sing emphasis in Foster attention. Increased untypical diurnal hydrocortisone degrees { { 74 Pears, K.C. 2008 ; } } are known to be higher particularly among immature female kids who have experienced biological health professional neglect { { 70 Fisher, P.A. 2007 ; } } . Similar to the HPA axis surveies, jobs with executive operation are more common in surrogate kids than in the general population { { 74 Pears, K.C. 2008 ; } } . However curative intercessions designed for surrogate kids may positively impact the HPA axis activity as it has been noted diminishing emphasis decreases the degrees of hydrocortisone { { 70 Fisher, P.A. 2007 ; } } . ( More research needs done ) Fisher Suggests intercessions which decrease emphasis degrees of younger juveniles in out of place arrangements may bring forth increased outcomes on the societal cognitive degree and increase the operation of an neurobiological systems. { { 95 Fisher, P.A. 2008 ; } } { { 72 Leve, L.D. 2009 } } d. REHABILITATION NEEDS OF CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE: EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS Evidence-based intercessions were formed and assessed to oversee the psychological and physical public assistance of kids in Foster attention. Stress bring oning behaviour on the portion of the parent can do riotous behaviour in the Foster kid which leads to early expiration from the place. Maladaptive get bying accomplishments of the kid that have nt been rectified affect the kid s relationship with their health professional and over clip start to give negative intensions to authorization figures. Implementing the intercessions has shown a lessening in the demand for immaterial mental and physical wellness attention by increasing the chance of achieving placement stableness. Interventions must aim immature people while they are still in surrogate attention, before the age of 17 old ages, to guarantee connexion to services such as tuition aid, employment preparation, and wellness insurance. { { 57 Fowler, P.J. 2009 ; } } Models MTFC The MTFC theoretical account acknowledges and identifies the affect of emotional adversities on the physical and psychological missing word of the Foster attention population. It originated in 1983 in response to an Oregon State petition for proposals from the juvenile justness system to develop community-based options to captivity for adolescent arrangements in residential/group attention. ( Leve,2009 ) This theoretical account gives an grounds based solution to beef up the self-pride of the surrogate kids and learn them resilience to better behavioural jobs. Additionally, consistent with research on resilience, the theoretical account now incorporates cardinal positive person and interpersonal relationships, adaptative neurobiological operation, and adaptative societal behaviour. ( Leve, 2009 ) How it works The MTFC intercession Teachs caregivers how to give positive mentoring, better parental accomplishments and the importance of consistence through preparation, supervising and the indorsement of a accomplishments manager. MTFC was selected by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention ( Elliott, 1998 ) as 1 of 10 evidence-based National Blueprints Programs ; was selected as 1 of 9 National Exemplary Safe, Disciplined, and Drug-Free Schools theoretical account plans ; was highlighted in 2 U.S. Surgeon General studies ( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000a, 2000b ) ( Leve,2009 ) These studies recorded authorities nest eggs, showed betterment of behaviour in kid, and helped emphasize degree of health professional. State Public Policy group reported a $ 32,915 cost nest eggs in 2006 to taxpayers for each ( Leve,2009 ) In order for the intercession to be effectual, the Foster kid demands positive support, single and household therapy, along with societal accom plishments and academic mentoring. The squad The accomplishments manager is conditioned to concentrate on good accomplishments and actions instead than past behaviours or debatable state of affairss. The surrogate parents and plan supervisor work together to carefully supervise youth accommodation in the schoolroom. ( Leve,2009 ) Classroom observations and ratings allow the health professional to measure behavioural alterations without inordinate sums of external influences in a impersonal scene. These health professionals are taught to utilize the same inducements or point systems employed in the Foster place to supply positive feedback and brief, non-emotional effects for job behaviour. ( Leve,2009 ) The consistence from one environment to another eases the passage procedure for the Foster kid. Positive results, including the likeliness of accomplishing permanence ( this consequence is peculiarly marked for kids who have had multiple anterior Foster arrangement failures ) , kids s fond regard to health professionals, foster-p arent emphasis degrees, older kids s delinquency and antisocial behaviour, engagement in school and subsequent clip incarcerated. ( Fisher P.A. 2009 )

How Does Iago Manipulate Cassio Essays

How Does Iago Manipulate Cassio Essays How Does Iago Manipulate Cassio Paper How Does Iago Manipulate Cassio Paper I am not what I am. Despite Iagos confession to Roderigo that he is not what he appears to be, this puppeteer of a character is still enabled to pull the strings of those around him, all the while preserving his reputation as the honest Iago. This could be attributed to Iagos use of language as a persuasive, manipulative, emotional and rhetoric device. When attempting to rile up Brabantio, Iago uses bestial imagery such as a black ram is tupping your white ewe and the Moor and your daughter are now making the beast with two backs. This metaphor reflects the Elizabethan stereotype that a black man is power hungry, uncivilised, savage and a worthless outsider. In the period of time the play is set in, inter-racial marriages between black and white couples were unacceptable and Iago plays on this to enrage Brabantio. This animal references works not only work to craft Othello as an animalistic, violent, sexual being in Brabantios eyes, but also to portray his daughter as innocent and pure with the use of the word white. This causes a contrast between the two lovers, flaring a fathers need to protect his daughter by victimising Desdemona and bestialising Othello. Similarly, Iago plays on the perception of a fathers role in the context of the play by using connotations of robbery to imply that Desdemona, her fathers property, has been stolen from Brabantio personally. Iago repeats the word thieves and even asks are your doors locked as a way to anger Brabantio and manipulate him into viewing the situation as a theft from himself, as he has not given Desdemona and Othello permission to be wed. He even says your heart is burst, you have lost half you soul to further enforce the view that Desdemona is Brabantios property and a part of him which riles Brabantio up further as it implies that he has been stolen from. Also within this scene, Iago uses repetition in now, now, very now and thieves, thieves, thieves! to instil an air of urgency and create immediate chaos. The urgency riles up Brabantio which is what leads him to act so suddenly and rashly. Iago manages to manipulate Othello by using language techniques in the third act. He effectively plants the seeds of doubt in Othellos mind with did Michael Cassio, when you wooed my lady, Know of your love? which is a suggestive statement which forces Othello to question Cassio. After this, Iago then withdraws from this line of conversation with remarks such as but for a satisfaction of my thought without revealing what his thoughts are. This effectively raises suspicion in Othellos mind which was Iagos exact purpose. He uses repetition again but this time by repeating Othellos words which creates an echoing effect and makes Othello uneasy as every conclusion he jumps to is justified with Iagos repetition which allows Iago to be subtle and not draw attention to himself as the meddler. He uses rhetoric and short sentences such as honest, my lord? to quicken the pace of their conversation which adds a sense of paranoia and edginess which unsettles Othello and again makes him question Cassio. This technique works so effectively as a way to assert power over others because it gives the perception that Othello has come to his conclusions about Cassio by himself, when in fact Iago has planted these ideas in his head. Iago uses implications in a similar manner to deposit thoughts into the minds of others. In Act 3, he remarks Ha, I like not that but when asked to explain answers Nothing, my lord; or if i know not what which not only paints him as an honourable character to Othello but causes doubt as his reaction is never explained, making Othello curious. He also implies that Cassio is doing something wrong while saying the opposite in I cannot think it that he would steal away so guilty-like seeing you coming. This plants words that again spark connotations with robbery and deception into Othellos head whilst in fact denying any such thing. This coerces Othello into believing that Cassio may be hiding something. Iago is also manipulative towards Roderigo. His plan is engendered after Roderigo has confessed to him his love for Desdemona. Iago teases Roderigo by saying thou shalt enjoy her to play on his desires and covertly promise that he shall get what he wants. He also plays on Cassios priorities of male camaraderie and military lifestyle to influence him into playing into Iagos hands. Iago plans to get Cassio drunk to ensure he loses face with Othello so he uses Cassios priorities to encourage him to drink. For example, Cassio takes rank seriously so Iago suggests they have a measure to the health of black Othello, a toast that would be rude and disrespectful for Cassio to ignore in both a professional and personal light. He later manipulates Cassio into drinking more by singing a soldier-like song a soldiers a man, mans lifes but a span, why then let a soldier drink! which works effectively as Iago is aware of Cassios need to fit in with the others and his dedication to his army position. Another tool Iago uses with his language is to adjust it to suit his company. He relaxes his language around Roderigo to appear equal to the simple Venetian gentleman and give him the perception that the two are on a level. The structure is continuous prose, a baser form of speech, when the two converse which Shakespeare has used to highlight the difference to when Iago talks to others, showing how he changes his character depending on who he is talking to to play the situation to his advantage. When Iago converses with characters with a higher status he reverts back to blank verse, a politer form. Iago uses this to make himself relatable, and therefore trustworthy to all of the other characters, allowing him to manipulate them further. This is important when he asks Roderigo to be conjunctive in our revenge as it makes Roderigo more likely to agree after they are seen to be equal. Roderigo asks wilt thou be fast to my hopes, if I depend on the issue? to which Iago replies thou art sure of me. Another more obvious example of how Iago places words into other peoples mouths as a tool to influence them. Iagos convincing rhetoric and language techniques clearly reveal what a powerful and dangerous tool language can be, especially when used by the eloquent, but deceitful, individual. He is obviously a well educated and intelligent character which makes his manipulation that much more well-placed and influential. Iago makes the catastrophic destruction he causes look like childs play as the language devices he uses are so simple yet effective.